A theory of collusion with partial mutual understanding

Unlawful collusion is when firms have a mutual understanding to coordinate their behavior for the purpose of achieving a supracompetitive outcome. Given the legal focus on mutual beliefs, this paper explores the role of mutual beliefs in producing collusion. Focusing on price leadership, firms are assumed to commonly believe that price increases will be at least matched but lack any shared understanding about who will lead, when they will, and at what prices. Sufficient conditions are derived which ensure that supracompetitive prices emerge. However, price is bounded below the maximal equilibrium price.     

Impact of Trade Credit on Firm Inventory Investment During Financial Crises: Evidence from Latin America

This paper studies whether trade credit is used as a substitute for bank credit in crisis periods in Latin America. The sample is composed of firms listed on the Argentine, Brazilian, and Mexican stock exchanges from 1994 to 2009. For the small firms, the substitution hypothesis was not rejected. However, this hypothesis was not confirmed homogeneously for all the firms during the crises. Unlike Brazilian and Argentine firms, Mexican firms use more cash reserves than trade credit. The big firms tend to use other financing sources. A pattern of trade credit use by sector has not yet been found.     

税务专业硕士(MT)培养模式创新研究

税务专业硕士(MT)培养尚处于摸索和起步阶段。文章从MT教育的逻辑起点即环境分析入手,以国内35家MT培养单位为研究对象,认为受传统学术型研究生"重科研轻实践"培养观念的影响,MT教育的发展遇到了很多困难,培养效果与预期目标之间存在较大差距。Boyer理论从拓宽的学术内涵看待专业硕士的培养,有助于正确推动MT教育的发展,满足我国经济社会发展对高级涉税人才的需求。     

企业生命周期阶段与其社会责任战略研究

随着世界经济的高速发展,深层次的环境问题和社会问题日益凸显。企业社会责任问题已成为国内外理论和实践研究关注的焦点。本文在肯定可以从企业战略的视角下考虑企业社会责任的承担和其对社会责任体系的建立有积极作用的同时,运用生命周期理论,分析企业在不同发展时期的发展战略和相应的企业的社会责任的承担,希望促进企业的综合竞争力的提高和推动社会责任体系的完善。     

一类含四个未知函数的方程的非平凡解的存在性的研究

本文利用亚纯函数值分布论的思想方法,对函数方程f117(z)+f127(z)+f317(z)+f147(z)=z非平凡解的状况进行研究,得到如下结果:函数方程f117(z)+f217(z)+f317(z)+f417(z)=z不存在级小于117的非常数亚纯函数解。     

从多元智力理论看如何提高高职教育的教学质量

随着职业教育的蓬勃发展,如何提高高职教育的教学质量是各级教育行政部门和高职院校必须解决的问题,作为高职院校的一名普通教师,笔者主要从多元智力理论这个角度来谈一谈自己的一些粗浅的看法。     

Emerging Consensus on Labour Market Institutions and Implications for Developing Countries: From the Debates in India

Abstract

This paper makes a critical intervention to on-going theoretical and policy debates in the economic analysis of labour market institutions (LMIs) in the context of recent debates in India. It focuses on the internal inconsistency of mainstream economic analyses of LMIs, in particular those based on the new institutional economics (NIE) approach, and what appears to be an emerging policy consensus on LMIs within the World Bank and the International Labour Organization (ILO). The paper draws out the possible ideological parallels in these two developments, despite different intellectual origins and intentions of those engaged in these debates. A corresponding modification in policy debates in India is observed in the shifting perspectives from the Second National Commission on Labour (SNCL) to the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector (NCEUS). The apparent emerging consensus in both the theoretical literature and policy debates reveals the tendency for researchers to focus on labour market outcomes and phenomenal forms of LMIs rather than the structures, processes, agencies and relations that underpin them. While this can be seen as an advancement from the traditional distortionist-institutionalist dichotomy, the tendency of this consensus to explain the persistence of seemingly inefficient institutions within the micro-level choice theoretic framework and its appeal to policy agendas on good governance, social capital, trust and civil society, render it vulnerable to appropriation by the mainstream. The paper argues that the emerging consensus on LMIs is an inadequate framework to inform effective policy propositions, and highlights the scope and opportunity for a political economy alternative.     

释意理论视阈下涉外高技能人才的跨文化翻译过程

释意理论认为翻译不是纯粹的字词对应翻译,而应更注重原文的思想内涵,追求原文与译文的意义对等。释意理论很适合指导涉外高技能人才的涉外翻译工作。以释意理论为指导,遵循释意翻译三步骤,就可成功跨越翻译中的文化障碍。     

Western Hemispheric Trade Integration: An Update of FTAA Negotiations

ABSTRACT

The Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) is a comprehensive trade negotiation process embracing the 34 democratic nations of the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is premised on enabling prosperity through increased economic integration and free trade (where barriers to trade in goods and services and investment are progressively eliminated) among the countries of the Western Hemisphere with a view to raising standards of living. Leaders of these hemispheric partner nations officially launched trade negotiations at the second Summit of the Americas. The FTAA process has again reached an important milestone as far-reaching negotiations are set to begin in earnest come May 15, 2002. This article seeks to examine briefly and provide an update of the process and also offer insight into how it could be affected by a March decision by the Bush Administration to severely restrict the U.S. market to steel imports from the rest of the world. This latter analysis is specific to and especially relevant for the “small economies” of the Caribbean.

RESUMEN. Un proceso de negociación comprensible que engloba a 34 naciones democráticas del Hemisferio Occidental. Su concepto se basa en la premisa de fomentar la prosperidad a través de una mayor integración económica y el libre comercio (donde las barreras contra los bienes, servicios e inversiones se eliminarían paulatinamente) entre los países del Hemisferio Occidental, con miras a aumentar los patrones de vida de la región. Los líderes de estos Estados Partes lanzaron oficialmente las negociaciones durante la segunda Cumbre de las Américas. El proceso del ALCA nuevamente enfrenta una gran posibilidad de avance, ya que las negociaciones se han programado para el 14 de Mayo de 2002. El propósito de este artículo es hacer un breve examen y actualizar el proceso, ofreciendo una visión un poco más profunda del efecto que las discusiones programadas para Mayo podrían sentir por el efecto de una decisión tomada por la Administración Bush de restringir, rigurosamente, las imploraciones de acero al Mercado norteamericano provenientes de cualquier parte del mundo. Este último análisis afecta específicamente a las “pequeñas economías” del Caribe.

RESUMO. A Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (ALCA) é um processo abrangente de negociação comercial, envolvendo as trinta e quatro naç[otilde]es democráticas do Hemisfério Ocidental. A ALCA se fundamenta na possibilidade de promover a prosperidade, através de uma crescente integração econômica e da livre negociação (em que as barreiras para o comércio de bens e serviços e de investimento são eliminadas progressivamente) entre os países do Hemisfério Ocidental, objetivando a melhoria do padrão de vida. Os líderes das naç[otilde]es associadas deste hemisfério criaram, oficialmente, tais negociaç[otilde]es comerciais, na segunda Conferência das Américas. O processo da ALCA conseguiu, novamente, atingir um marco importante, ao estabelecer que estas negociaç[otilde]es, de grande alcance, tenham início, impreterivelmente, no próximo dia 15 de maio de 2002. Este artigo tenta examinar, sinteticamente, este processo, atualizá-lo e, também, mostrar a dimensão das conseqüências da decisão da Administração Bush, de março, impondo ao mercado americano severas restriç[otilde]es às importaç[otilde]es de aço do resto do mundo. Esta última análise é especialmente relevante para “as pequenas economias” do Caribe, a que se refere especificamente.     

大学英语分层教学理论基础探究

第二语言习得理论、教育学理论及心理学理论为大学英语分层教学提供了理论依据。大学英语分层教学对于有针对性地加强学习指导,实现教学目标,具有积极作用。