林业专业合作社盈余利益分配标准的经济学分析

针对林业专业合作社利益分配问题，分析社员的利益分配行为和两种不同盈余利益分配标准造成的社员利益差异，揭示社员倾向于按出资额与交易量比例中较大的标准进行盈余利益分配，以获得更多的利益而承担更少的成本，提出完善合作社利益分配制度应当在内部契约上坚持以交易额分配为主，将出资额的合理利息界定为合作社成本，尽量保持社员出资额与交易额比例相一致，在配套制度上政府应当减少税费、扩大财政支持、加强教育引导与外部监督，以促进合作社健康发展。     

The Costs and Benefits of Long-Distance Entry: Regulation and Non-Price Discrimination

A primary goal of the 1996 Telecommunications Act isto encourage competition in long-distance telephonemarkets. Four years after passage of thislegislation, Bell Operating Companies (``BOCs') havebeen granted permission to offer long-distanceservices in only one state. The regulatory barrier toentry is justified on grounds that the BOCs have theability to discriminate against incumbentlong-distance carriers in the provision of essentialaccess services. We take this premise as given andquantify the critical level of discrimination requiredto offset the positive consumers' surplus gainsassociated with the enhanced competition resultingfrom BOC entry into long-distance markets.     

开发我国黄磷的高科技后续产品势在必行

我国当前黄磷生产产品过剩,生产企业严重亏损,为扭转这一状况,本文就其后续产品的品种和开发,以及调整磷化工布局情况作了阐述.     

Does China＇s Huge External Surplus Imply an Undervalued Renminbi？

A pegged exchange rate regime has been pivotal to China's export-led development strategy. However, its huge trade surpluses and massive build up of international reserves have been matched by large deficits for major trading partners, creating acute policy concerns abroad, especially in the USA. This paper provides a straightforward conceptual framework for interpreting the effect of China's exchange rate policy on its own trade balance and that of trading partners in the context of discrepant economic growth rates. It shows how pegging the exchange rate when output is outstripping expenditure induces China's trade surpluses and counterpart deficits for its trading partners. An important corollary is that given its strictly regulated capital account, China's persistently large surpluses imply a significantly undervalued renminbi, which should gradually become more flexible.     

Accounting Practices and the Market Valuation of Accounting Numbers: Evidence from Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand

This study examines the relation between stock prices and accounting earnings and book values in six Asian countries: Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Thailand. The analysis is based on a residual earnings model that expresses the value of the firm in terms of book value and residual income. The model holds for any clean surplus accounting system. However, for finite time horizons, biased accounting may affect model estimates. The six countries examined in this study differ in faithfulness to clean surplus accounting as well as bias (conservatism). The study addresses two questions. First, are there systematic differences across countries in the value relevance of accounting, and are these differences related to accounting differences? Second, are there systematic differences in the incremental and relative information content of book value per share (BVPS) and abnormal (residual) earnings per share (REPS) across the countries, and are such differences related to accounting differences? We find differences across the six countries in the explanatory power of BVPS and REPS for firm values. Explanatory power for Taiwan and Malaysia is relatively low while that for Korea and the Philippines is relatively high. These differences are generally consistent with differences in accounting practice; however, since Korean accounting practice is strongly influenced by tax law, we did not expect the high association for Korea. Second, with respect to the incremental and relative explanatory power of BVPS and REPS, we find BVPS to have high explanatory power in the Philippines and Korea but little in Taiwan. In all six countries REPS has less explanatory power than BVPS in most years. Again, the evidence may be interpreted as suggesting accounting practice affects valuation (with Korea again as the exception). Finally, we provide evidence on the sensitivity of the timing of comparisons of stock prices and accounting values. We find that comparing prices at year-end (even though annual accounting information has not been released at that time), in general, provides the highest correlation between market and accounting numbers.     

我国居民消费和储蓄行为分析

通过建立消费和储蓄模型分析我国居民的消费和储蓄行为。居民当年的总收入对消费品零售总额的影响起决定作用；居民储蓄不等于结余购买力，结余购买力也不是现实的购买力。     

内外经济平衡中存在的矛盾

近年我国贸易顺差不断扩大,同时国内经济又出现投资过热,商务部将"调投资、促消费、减顺差"定为2007年我国经济工作的三大着力点,以平衡内外经济.但是"减顺差"与"调投资"和"促消费"都有一定的矛盾.从平衡贸易角度看,在三者中"促消费"是核心,但也是最难的.政府对公共基础设施的投资如果能够适当扩大,还是有利于减少贸易顺差的.     

元语用意识与含糊语用的功能研究

人类元语用意识的使用受社交世界、心理世界和具体场合的制约。元语用意识和含糊语用的关系十分密切,元语用意识的强弱与含糊语用的高低成正比。     

Looking Through the Trade Surplus Prism

Huge trade surplus attracks more and more attention to the China＇s economy operation, a controversial topic on people＇s lips as well.     

草原生态系统旅游价值的评估——以内蒙古自治区四子王旗为例

本文以内蒙古自治区四子王旗为例,利用环境与资源经济学中旅行费用法(TCM)研究草原旅游利用价值.得到四子王旗草原生态系统的旅游价值为6411.67万元人民币,是四子王旗草原旅游统计收入的12.47倍,说明草原旅游目的地蕴含着巨大的旅游价值.但是,这种价值的实现必须建立在草原旅游生态系统健康安全的基础上,需要旅游目的地选择合理的发展模式,保障生态系统安全.