基于旅游扶贫战略的效应分析及创新对策研究——以星子县为例

旅游扶贫是一种新型的扶贫方式,其优势在于变资源优势为经济优势,变外力输血为内在造血,变被动生存为主动发展。文章以江西省星子县为例进行实证研究,分析旅游资源富集的欠发达地区旅游扶贫中普遍存在的困难,并由此提出化解困难的机制与对策。     

Financial development,institutions, and poverty alleviation: an empirical analysis

The aim of this article is to analyse empirically whether the level of institutional quality influences how financial development affects poverty for a sample of developing countries covering the period from 1984 to 2012. Using an interaction term constructed as a product between financial development and institutional quality we find that the pro-poor impact of financial development decreases as the quality of institutions rises. Such a differential effect can be ascribed to the capacity of banks to provide functions that mimic those performed by an institutional framework that works well. The results of this article can be used for policy management.     

金融发展减缓了农村贫困吗?——基于省际面板数据的实证研究

运用2004~2013年中国省际面板数据对金融发展水平与农村地区贫困的关系问题进行实证分析。研究结论表明,地区金融发展水平的提升能够通过金融机构农村信贷资金投放这一渠道对农村经济发展具有显著的正向效应,主要体现在较高金融发展水平的形成对农村居民人均收入水平的拉动而有助于农村贫困减缓。但是从东部、中部、西部三大区域的实证结果来看,中部和西部地区金融发展水平的提升能够对其农村地区贫困减缓具有一定的积极作用,东部地区金融发展并不能减缓农村贫困,从而使得中国金融发展效应较大的地区差异在政策上具有较强的现实意义。     

基于科学发展观的反贫困理念的重构

不同的经济社会发展阶段对贫困及反贫困问题的研究会有不同的认识和理解,本文提出,当今的“贫困”已逐渐从衣不裹体、食不果腹的绝对贫困进一步发展到基本解决温饱的相对贫困;从缺乏必要的物质财富的狭义贫困发展到就业、健康、教育、社会参与等基本权利丧失的广义贫困。反贫困必须按照科学发展观的思想内涵,必须从被动的“救济”,转向注重提高人的可行能力,坚持以人为本、物质扶贫和精神扶贫并举的理念。     

论西部生态脆弱区贫困问题的文化救助

西部生态脆弱区与经济贫困有很强的相关性,并表现出许多共同的文化特征。这里的农民长期在日益边缘化的空间系统中生活,贫困状态得不到改善而形成一种落后的文化形态,导致环境持续恶化与贫困恶性循环。这种顽固性贫困按照一般经济和技术的方式扶贫很难奏效,不考虑贫困农民出路的生态建设也往往事与愿违。应该充分考虑文化救助的问题,吸取秦文化的精华,建立生态补偿与文化救助的促动机制,把环境保护、经济发展和文化建设结合起来进行综合治理。     

益贫式增长的内涵及其实现路径：一个文献综述

益贫式增长是对穷人有利的经济增长,它关注穷人在经济增长中的受益程度,被认为是有效减贫的最佳经济增长模式。益贫式增长理论认为经济增长是减贫的最大动力,但是经济增长是减贫的必要而非充分条件,高速的经济增长必须配合更公平的收入分配制度才能实现贫困快速下降。实现益贫式增长主要有两种途径：一种是通过经济增长直接提高穷人收入;另一种是通过政府公共再分配使贫困人口从经济增长中间接获益。本文通过对益贫式增长的含义及其实现路径相关文献进行回顾和总结,以期为学界进一步研究提供参考。     

人力资本视角下的农村反贫困问题研究

贫困问题既是经济问题,也是社会、文化和精神现象,而农村反贫困问题既是我国经济发展中的重点问题,也是难点问题,是关系到我国社会和谐度和新农村建设成败的关键。文章从人力资本的视角分析了贫困的本质,论述了人力资本在反贫困中的作用机理,阐释了我国农村人力资本投资的现状,进而提出了基于人力资本视角的农村反贫困政策。     

Simplified Jackknife Variance Estimates for Fuzzy Measures of Multidimensional Poverty

In this paper, we present a practical methodology for variance estimation for multi‐dimensional measures of poverty and deprivation of households and individuals, derived from sample surveys with complex designs and fairly large sample sizes. The measures considered are based on fuzzy representation of individuals' propensity to deprivation in monetary and diverse non‐monetary dimensions. We believe this to be the first original contribution for estimating standard errors for such fuzzy poverty measures. The second objective is to describe and numerically illustrate computational procedures and difficulties in producing reliable and robust estimates of sampling error for such complex statistics. We attempt to identify some of these problems and provide solutions in the context of actual situations. A detailed application based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data for 19 NUTS2 regions in Spain is provided.     

Poverty, Risk Aversion, and Path Dependence in Low-Income Countries: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia

In most low-income countries, rural households depend on mixed rain-fed agriculture/livestock production, which is very risky. Due to numerous market failures, there are few ways to shift risks to third parties. The literature has focused on what determines the responses of households in such environments. Of special concern are path dependencies in which households experiencing failure are prone to further failure and potential poverty traps. This paper estimates levels and determinants of risk aversion in the highlands of Ethiopia. We find high risk aversion and evidence that constraints have important impacts on risk-averting behavior with perhaps significant implications for long-term poverty. The results also suggest the possibility of path dependence and offer insights into links between risk aversion and poverty traps.     

生态补偿与缓解贫困关系的研究进展

基于生态补偿项目社会公平性考虑和项目实施的客观扶贫效果,有关贫困参与者的研究成为近年来国外生态补偿研究中普遍关注的议题。本研究从生态补偿对贫困的生态环境服务提供者、购买者和未参与者的影响等3个方面回顾并分析了国内外生态补偿与缓解贫困研究的阶段成果,由此提出了中国生态补偿项目设计和实施过程中亟需改善的问题。