土地流转对农户贫困脆弱性的影响研究

研究目的:探究土地流转对农户贫困脆弱性的影响,为防范农户陷入贫困和解决农村贫困提供理论和实证依据。研究方法:本文借助2016年湖北省1682个农户实地调查数据,基于倾向得分匹配法(PSM)和回归方程的Shapley值分解法,分别考察国定贫困线、1.9美元贫困线和3.1美元贫困线下不同类型土地有无转出和转出面积对农户贫困脆弱性的影响。研究结果:土地转出能够显著降低农户的贫困脆弱性,且农户贫困脆弱性随着转出土地面积的增加而降低;从土地转出的异质性来看,水田转出对缓解农户贫困脆弱性的效果更为明显,旱地转出的效果次之。研究结论:应进一步加快农村土地流转,释放农村剩余劳动力,不断增加农户收入,从而降低农户贫困脆弱性。     

Farm Poverty and Safety Nets

Farm families with incomes below the poverty line are far less likely than wealthier farmers to receive farm support payments. Using data from the 1989–2004 Current Population Survey, we find that poor farm families are also not participating in other assistance programs. Controlling for other factors, eligible farm families have substantially lower participation rates in the Food Stamp Program and in Medicaid than eligible nonfarm families. Removing farm safety net program payments would increase the number of farmers eligible for these programs but, in the absence of behavioral changes, would only lead to small increases in the number of recipients.     

经济增长与收入再分配对湖北省农村贫困变动的影响

本文通过对湖北省否受益并相关结论贫困变动由人均收入水平和收入分配不平等程度两个因素共同决定。贫困变动的增长再分配分解，考察1997—2003年间如上两个因素村贫困变动的影响方向和程度，进而分析在经济增长过程中穷人是算和比较基尼系数，考察在此期间农村居民的收入分配状况，得出对农测。     

论脱贫攻坚对推动乡村振兴的多重作用

脱贫攻坚和乡村振兴是以习近平同志为核心的党中央关于农村建设发展提出的两项重大战略部署。以马克思主义的视角观之,脱贫攻坚对于乡村振兴战略的实施具有重要的基础作用,且这种基础作用具有多重性。脱贫攻坚通过消除贫困、弥补短板、重塑组织、改善系统等,为乡村振兴战略的实施创造前提条件、搭建基础平台、提供组织保障、营造有利环境,从而使乡村振兴战略在农村贫困地区的实施不仅可能,而且可行。为确保乡村振兴战略在农村贫困地区的顺利实施,必须不断夯实脱贫攻坚各项工作,坚决、彻底、全面地打赢脱贫攻坚战,使脱贫攻坚对乡村振兴的多重基础性作用得到充分彰显,从而实现脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴的有机衔接。     

浅谈城市地铁建设期间交通的需求

随着经济的高速发展,大城市人口密度的增加,私家车数量的剧增,城市交通压力也越来越大。为缓解城市交通紧张的现状,地铁建设迫在眉睫。然而在地铁建设期间,施工占道却让本就拥堵的交通压力有增无减。本人就城市地铁建设期间的交通需求问题进行浅析。     

精准扶贫过程中工具理性的越位和价值理性的回归——基于湖北省B村的调查

精准扶贫包含着以效率为核心的工具理性和以人文价值为核心的价值理性,以两种理性视角审视湖北省B村的扶贫现状,发现B村精准扶贫在实施过程中出现工具理性和价值理性的失衡,主要表现为政策形式偏离价值初衷、效率优先忽视公平诉求、技术思维淡化人文关怀等问题,工具理性僭越到价值理性之上。为了促进扶贫工作顺利开展和扶贫任务的圆满实现,必须要推进精准扶贫过程中科学与民主、效率与公平、扶贫与扶志、扶智的统一,来助力价值理性的回归。     

探究新疆少数民族人口贫困问题

由于各种原因,新疆少数民族地区的社会经济发展非常滞后,贫困人口分布众多,而且贫困程度深,治理难度较大,给新疆乃至中国全面建设小康社会带来了严峻的挑战。少数民族的扶贫开发,是党和国家高度重视的一项工作,关系到党的民族政策的落实,关系到民族团结、边防巩固,关系到国家的社会稳定和可持续的发展,意义重大。新疆少数民族人口贫困的成因,既有区域发展的客观条件造成,也有人文因素的影响。在反贫困的对策方面:一是要注重提高少数民族地区民族群众汉语言能力;二是制定有利于少数民族地区贫困人口的扶贫政策,增加中央财政转移支付能力;三是强化人力资本投资,提高少数民族劳动力的素质,提高少数民族贫困人口市场竞争的能力;四是组织少数民族剩余劳动力在地区间的合理有序流动,走劳务输出脱贫的道路。     

Food Stamp Benefits and Child Poverty

In 2000, 8.8 million children lived in households participating in the Food Stamp Program, making this assistance program a crucial component of the social safety net. Despite its importance, little research has examined food stamps' effect on children's overall well-being. Using the Current Population Survey from 1989 to 2001, we consider the impact of food stamps on three measures of poverty—the headcount, the poverty gap, and the squared poverty gap. We find that in comparison to the headcount measure, food stamp benefits lead to large reductions in the poverty gap and squared poverty gap measures.     

Decomposing poverty changes into vertical and horizontal components

Variations in aggregate poverty indices can be due to differences in average poverty intensity, to changes in the welfare distances between those poor of initially unequal welfare status and/or to emerging disparities in welfare among those poor of initially similar welfare status. This note uses a general cost‐of‐inequality approach that decomposes the total change in poverty into a sum of indices of each of these three components. This decomposition can serve inter alia to integrate horizontal and vertical equity criteria in the poverty alleviation assessment of social and economic programmes. The use of these measures is briefly illustrated using Tunisian data.