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81.
Xiangkang Yin 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2003,26(2):269-277
Pollution externalities between polluters should be taken into account in the design of corrective taxes. When the externalities are substantial and/or the number of polluters is large, the effluent levies on these firms do not necessarily result in a deadweight loss. Consequently, the second-best tax exceeds the marginal social cost of pollution. A more general rule is that the tax rate should be greater than the marginal social cost of pollution if and only if a marginal increase in the tax rate results in opposite effects on the changes of equilibrium emission level and output. 相似文献
82.
范云芳 《西安财经学院学报》2006,19(4):77-82
油价上涨给世界经济带来很大影响,引发了经济危机、加重了西方国家的财政负担和生产成本、加大了非产油国家的进口成本。高油价也给航空、速递等一些运输行业造成沉重负担,油价上涨的最终承担者是消费者。油价不断上涨促使各国调整能源结构,高油价给石油输出国带来丰厚收益的同时也带来一些负面影响,如腐败、暴力冲突、战争等。油价上涨要求中国大幅提高能源利用率,采用多元化能源战略,尽快建立国家石油战略储备,加强能源领域国际合作。 相似文献
83.
84.
货运收益管理及其应用逻辑模型研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在阐述了货运收益管理的概念和研究内容基础上,探讨了实施货运销售收益管理的逻辑模型。 相似文献
85.
基于交易或事项分类设计所得税会计债务法分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从影响所得即净资产变动(基于经济收益观)的交易或事项出发,分析了时间性差异与暂时性差异的成因,探索利润表债务法与资产负债表债务法的设计思路。在此基础上,提出易于与税法衔接简化的资产负债表债务法——发生额资产负债表债务法。 相似文献
86.
我国自1980年开征个人所得税以来,特别是1994年新的“个人所得税法”颁布实施以来,个人所得税呈大幅度增长趋势,在税收中所占的比重也逐年提高,现今已经成为我国的第四大税种。但是随着我国市场经济体制的深入发展,居民收入水平的明显提高,个人所得税税制本身和征管中都存在和暴露了一些问题,对其进行改革已经势在必行。文中对我国现行个人所得税税制本身和征管中存在的一些问题进行探讨,并提出相应的改革思路。 相似文献
87.
Mireille?Chiroleu-AssoulineEmail author Mouez?Fodha 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2005,31(4):389-403
This paper analyzes the double dividend and distributional issues within an overlapping generations model framework with involuntary unemployment. We characterize the necessary conditions needed to obtain a double dividend, when the revenue of the environmental tax is recycled by a variation of the labor tax rate. We show that an employment dividend may occur without any efficiency dividend and that the young generation is not always harmed by the fiscal reform, even without any intergenerational transfers. Therefore, three dividends (environmental, efficiency and intergenerational equity) can occur simultaneously. 相似文献
88.
Tetsuo Ono 《Economic Theory》2003,22(1):141-168
Summary. The purpose of this paper is to consider environmental taxation which would control emissions of firms in a model of growth
cycles. In the model presented below, the economy may experience two phases of growth and environmental quality: “the no-innovation
growth regime” and “the innovation-led growth regime”. Aggregate capital and environmental quality remain constant in the
no-innovation growth regime, while they perpetually increase in the innovation-led growth regime. The paper shows that the
tax plays a key role in determining whether the economy stably converges to one of the two regimes or fluctuates permanently
between them. It also shows that there is a critical level of the tax and that the economy obtains higher growth rates of
capital and environmental quality by raising (or reducing) the tax if the initial tax is below (or above) the critical level.
Received: April 2, 2001; revised version: March 21, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" This research reported here was conducted within the research project “Project on Intergenerational Equity” at Institute
of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University. I am deeply grateful to an anonymous referee for his or her insightful comments,
which greatly improved the paper. I also thank Hiroshi Honda, Yasuo Maeda, Yuji Nakayama, and participants in workshops at
Hitotsubashi University, Kyoto University, Nagoya University, Osaka University, University of Tsukuba, Yokohama National University,
and University of Tokyo for their valuable comments and suggestions. Any remaining errors are mine. 相似文献
89.
Nonpoint Source Pollution Taxes and Excessive Tax Burden 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
If a regulator is unable to measure firms’ individual emissions, an ambient tax can be used to achieve the socially desired
level of pollution. With this tax, each firm pays a unit tax on aggregate emissions. In order for the tax to be effective,
firms must recognize that their decisions affect aggregate emissions. When firms behave strategically with respect to the
tax-setting regulator, under plausible circumstances their tax burden is lower under an ambient tax, relative to the tax which
charges firms on the basis of individual emissions. Firms may prefer the case where the regulator is unable to observe individual
firm emissions, even if this asymmetric information causes the regulator to tax each firm on the basis of aggregate emissions. 相似文献
90.
Paul Ekins 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1995,6(3):231-277
One approach to the economic analysis of global warming seeks to balance the costs of damage from or adaptation to it with the costs of mitigating it. The costs of adaptation and damage have been estimated using techniques of environmental evaluation, but are subject to a wide margin of uncertainty. The costs of mitigation, principally by reducing the emissions of CO2, have been estimated using different kinds of economic models, some of the results of which have suggested that very little abatement of carbon emissions is justified before the costs of abatement exceed the benefits of it in terms of foregone damage and adaptation costs. The paper analyses the extent to which this conclusion is a function of the modelling assumptions and techniques used, rather than likely practical outcomes, with regard to the models' treatment of unemployed resources, revenue recycling, prior distortions in the economy due to the tax system and possible dynamic effects from the introduction of a carbon-energy tax. It concludes that, with different and arguably more appropriate treatment of the above issues, especially when the secondary benefits of reducing CO2 emissions are also taken into account, it is not clear that even substantial reductions in the use of fossil fuels will incur net costs, especially if there is the prospect of even moderate costs from global warming. 相似文献