Group Characteristics Influence Distribution Patterns of Off-Road Vehicle Recreation within a Complex Trail System in Southwest Idaho

Recreation on public lands is growing and is increasingly recognized as an ecosystem service providing improved health, connection to nature, and social time while also disturbing and degrading ecosystems. Human impacts must be managed, but often managers have little information about the factors that affect recreation patterns. We combined data from global positioning system receivers to record off-road vehicle (ORV) travel with a pretrip survey to determine how group characteristics, site experience, site knowledge, and motivation are associated with ORV trip patterns on public lands in southwest Idaho. Spatial and temporal extent and distribution could summarize most variation in ORV trips. Both trip distribution and extent were associated with group characteristics and site knowledge. Spatial and temporal extent was additionally associated with motivations and distribution was associated with riding experience. These findings can help land managers to identify use patterns, direct informational programs, and effect indirect management strategies.     

城市游憩绿地可达性优化研究

绿地可达性是反映绿地合理布局、公平使用的重要指标，提高绿地可达性有助于绿地的高质量发展。基于ArcGIS网络分析法，通过可达性指数和服务强度计算，分别从空间布局和居民使用的角度对云南省普洱市城市规划区游憩绿地进行可达性分析。结果表明：游憩绿地空间布局总体合理，供给总体满足居民需求；但还存在少部分居住区可达性较差，少部分游憩绿地过渡使用的情况。根据空间布局和供给水平分析结果，从绿地空间布局和品质2个方面提出优化建议，指明今后绿地优化的重点和方向。     

风电设备运输甲板驳船的靠泊方案设计分析

总结在海上风场建设过程中运输甲板驳船在安装机位点进行风电机组设备过驳吊装过程中3种锚泊方案，并通过数值分析方法仿真模拟运输甲板驳船的运动响应和锚泊系统系泊力情况，对比分析3种锚泊方式的优劣和适用范围，为海上风机吊装制定合理的运输驳船的靠泊方案提供参考依据。     

Comparing the Developmental Process of Consumptive Orientation Across Different Population Groups

Recreational fishing provokes conservation concerns given the growing recreational demands on fisheries resources in different countries. Despite the negative impact of recreational fishing on fishery resources, it can contribute to improving resource conditions if appropriate legal and management institutions and understanding anglers' attitudes and behaviors are successfully accomplished. The purpose of this study is to investigate how anglers develop consumptive orientation using the concept and propositions of recreation specialization and to examine how the formation process of consumptive orientation is dissimilar across angler populations between Texas of the United States and Queensland of Australia. Study results suggest that, in some angler populations, increasing specialization may actually increase anglers' level of consumptive orientation; further investigation is needed to better understand the linkages among specialization, experience preferences, and consumptive orientation; and how these linkages can vary between angler populations or population segments.     

体育运动与环境保护问题的分析

体育运动和环境保护问题属于被害者与加害者的关系，不合理的体育运动使自然环境受到危害，下面是对体育运动中对自然环境造成的危害进行归类及分析研究。     

Connections: Integrated Meanings of ATV Riding among Club Members in Maine

Off-highway vehicle (OHV) riding is one of the fastest growing recreation activities in the United States. Little research has examined the nature of recreational activity from the perspective of all-terrain vehicle (ATV) riders. Understanding leisure and recreation activity involves exploring how people interpret experiences and how experiences are viewed as meaningful. Nineteen semi-structured interviews with members of ATV clubs in the state of Maine provided data for analysis. The three themes that emerged are connecting with nature, others, and self. This study demonstrates that ATV riders share meanings with other types of outdoor recreationists. Future research should expand into the social aspects of ATV riding and address meanings in the context of related constructs.     

BOOK REVIEW

Tourism Planning and Development. By Charles Kaiser, Jr., and Larry E. Helber. Boston, CBI Publishing Co., 1978. Pp. x + 238, indexed. Hardcover, $13.50.

Essentials of Recreational Services. By Jay S. Shivers. Lea &; Febiger, Philadelphia, 1978. Pp. x + 348. Hardcover, $15.75.

The Process of Recreation Programming. By Patricia Farrell and Herberta M. Lundegren. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1978. Pp. xii + 313, index. Hardcover, $12.95.

YV88: An Eco‐Fiction of Tomorrow. By Christopher Swan and Chet Roaman. San Francisco, Sierra Club Books, 1977. 248 + viii, illustrated. Paperbound, $7.95.

Tourism Multipliers: The State of the Art. By Brian H. Archer. Bangor Occasional Papers in Economics (General Editor: Jack Revell), No. 11. Bangor: University of Wales Press, 1977. Pp. ix + 85.

A Good Age. By Alex Comfort. New York City, Simon and Schuster (Fireside Books), 1978. Pp. 224, indexed and illustrated. Paperbound, $5.95.     

The Use of Importance Performance Analysis in the Hospitality Industry

ABSTRACT

Increased demands placed by consumers, competition, and shrinking management teams has resulted in the need for hospitality professionals to use effective tools to improve the changing situation. The Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) was a tool first introduced by Martilla and James (1977) to assist professionals in evaluating the effectiveness of various agency issues and attributes. Hospitality researchers have used this technique in at least forty-two studies since then. The purpose of this study was to compare the use of IPA in hospitality related research and compare historical use of IPA to a recent study in a private club setting.     

‘Therapy of the Green Leaf’: Public Responses to the Provision of Forest and Woodland Recreation in Twentieth Century Britain

This paper examines the largely unexplored formative years in the development of forest and woodland recreation in Britain during the twentieth century, with a particular focus from 1940 to 1970, when many of the institutional and infrastructural developments were made by both public and private sectors, laying the foundations for modern mass recreation. The paper is founded on archival research in public and private archival holdings. It makes a plea for greater recognition of the value of understanding the past, as contemporary policy makers plan for a sustainable future for British woods and forests. The paper reveals how the current balance required between the demands of people and nature is nothing new; it has a rich and complex history. The paper notes that after decades of public interest in forest and woodland recreation, public values and preferences are now being pushed to the fore in woodland management issues. How much public opinion will shape the sustainable future of our forests remains a controversial question.     

Citizen Preferences for the Corporate Sponsorship of Public-Sector Park and Recreation Organizations

ABSTRACT

Corporate sponsorship of public-sector organizations is becoming more commonplace. However, few studies have examined citizen attitudes toward sponsorship of public-sector organizations. Using parks and recreation as the study context, this research assessed general citizen support for corporate sponsorship as well as preferences for specific sponsorship promotional activities and contractual conditions. Given that previous research has linked sponsorship attitudes to individual and contextual factors, relationships between socio-demographic, park use characteristics, and sponsorship support were also examined. A mail survey of 578 citizens in the Harrisburg-Lebanon-Carlisle, Pennsylvania MSA indicated that a majority supported corporate sponsorship of park and recreation agencies. Sponsorships by local businesses and sponsorships that provided free products received the most favorable evaluations. Sponsorships involving naming rights, exclusivity, and user fees were evaluated least favorably. However, older adults, minority citizens, and park users were less likely to favor a number of specific sponsorship activities and conditions. Implications for sponsorship program design and future citizen-based research are discussed.