Exploring the Effects of Union–NGO Relationships on Corporate Responsibility: The Case of the Swedish Clean Clothes Campaign

In the current era, governments are playing smaller roles in regulating workers’ rights internationally, and transnational corporations (TNCs), non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved in the struggle for workers’ rights, and labour/trade unions have started to fill this governance gap. This paper focuses on the least researched of the relationships among these three actors, the union–NGO relationship, by analysing the ways in which it affects definitions of TNC responsibility for workers’ rights at their suppliers’ factories. Based on a qualitative study of the union–NGO relationship in the Swedish garment industry between 1996 and 2005, we propose that there are six main configurations of union–NGO relationships. By linking these configurations to their effects on TNC responsibility, we propose that co-ordination relationships between unions and NGOs, particularly high-commitment co-ordination relationships, are likely to result in a broadening of the definition of TNC responsibility, while conflictual relationships, both high and low commitment, result in a narrowing of the definition of TNC responsibility. The study indicates that co-operation is generally more beneficial for both unions and NGOs than is any form of conflictual relationship, in terms of broadening the definition of TNC responsibility.     

跨国零售商海外市场进入模式及其选择

本文认为,并购、特许、合资、有机增长与战略联盟是目前跨国零售商进入海外市场的常用模式,这几种模式具有不同的优势与劣势以及不同的适用条件;跨国零售商海外市场进入模式选择应综合考察东道国环境因素(包括市场因素、经济环境因素、法律政治因素和社会文化因素等)与零售商特定因素(包括零售商规模、零售商专业技能和国际化经验)等。     

论知识经济条件下FDI的区位选择

随着经济的发展，越来越多的企业纷纷打破国界限制，进行对外直接投资。知识经济时代，以知识、技术资源为代表的生产要素日益重要，给砌的区位选择带来了影响，并通过跨国公司的投资决策表现出来。本文从分析何为知识经济出发，将国际直接投资的区位选择与社会经济形态的发展过程特点相结合，并对FDI区位选择做出策略性建议。     

The Communication of Corporate Social Responsibility: United States and European Union Multinational Corporations

This study explores corporate social responsibility (CSR) by conducting a cross-cultural analysis of communication of CSR activities in a total of 16 U.S. and European corporations. Drawing on previous research contrasting two major approaches to CSR initiatives, it was proposed that U.S. companies would tend to communicate about and justify CSR using economic or bottom-line terms and arguments whereas European companies would rely more heavily on language or theories of citizenship, corporate accountability, or moral commitment. Results supported this expectation of difference, with some modification. Specifically, results indicated that EU companies do not value sustainability to the exclusion of financial elements, but instead project sustainability commitments in addition to financial commitments. Further, U.S.-based companies focused more heavily on financial justifications whereas EU-based companies incorporated both financial and sustainability elements in justifying their CSR activities. In addition, wide variance was found in both the prevalence and use of specific CSR-related terminology. Cross-cultural distinctions in this use create implications with regard to measurability and evidence of both strategic and bottom-line impact. Directions for further research are discussed. Laura P. Hartman is a Professor of Business Ethics and Legal Studies in the Management Department in the College of Commerce at DePaul University, as Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs of the University and as Research Director of DePaul’s Institute for Business and Professional Ethics. She is also an invited professor at INSEAD (France), HEC (France), the University of Melbourne, the Université Paul Cezanne Aix Marseille III and the Grenoble Graduate School of Business. She has been published in, among other journals, Business Ethics Quarterly, Business & Society Review, Business Ethics: A European Review, and the Journal of Business Ethics. Robert S. Rubin is an Assistant Professor in the Management Department at DePaul University’s Kellstadt Graduate School of Business. He received his PhD in organizational psychology from Saint Louis University. His current research interests include transformational leadership, leader cynicism, social and emotional individual differences, and management education and development. K. Kathy Dhanda is an Associate Professor at the Department of Management at DePaul University. Her areas of research include sustainable supply chains, environmental networks, marketable permit modeling, sustainable management, and public policy.     

中国出境旅游发展及其影响的初步研究

出境旅游持续快速增长,国际旅游双流格局渐次形成,是当前中国旅游业国际化的主要表现.出境旅游发展会改变国际旅游收支关系,但是,即使出现旅游赤字,也不一定对宏观经济产生负面作用.出境旅游发展会刺激中国入境旅游增长,促进旅游企业的跨国经营,有利于提升中国旅游产业的整体素质.当前,政府无需对出境旅游加以直接规制,但需要采取多种跟进措施.     

企业社会责任理论演进及文献述评

企业社会责任已经成为学术界和企业广泛关注的研究领域,中国企业社会责任的意识较薄弱,因此,无论是政府、公众还是企业都应该首先从自我做起,正确认识企业社会责任,为推动企业社会责任在中国的发展及和谐社会的构建作出应有的贡献。     

跨国并购浪潮下中小企业发展的对策思考

跨国并购是伴随着经济全球化的发展而涌来的一股巨大浪潮,它给发展中国家及其企业带来了挑战和机遇。中国加入WTO后,随着更多领域对外资开放,跨国并购的影响将会愈加广泛和深入。中小企业作为中国经济发展的重要力量,在跨国并购浪潮的席卷之下面临强大的冲击,必须制定相应的对策措施。     

我国商业银行资产负债管理的制度分析

金融全球化和金融自由化的发展 ,加大了金融风险和金融竞争 ,而银行业的脆弱性 ,使得银行风险成为大家关注的焦点。资产负债管理是银行防范和控制风险的手段之一 ,作者主要从公司治理制度、监管制度、风险管理制度分析了我国商业银行的资产负债管理。     

上市公司股权激励存在的问题与对策

2014年伊始,A股上市公司就掀起股权激励的热潮,截至3月份,已有益生股份、东华能源、鸿利光电等27家上市公司推出股权激励预案。在我国,股权激励在A股市场已经历了四个阶段,从最开始的萌芽期到股改时的冲动期,再到股权激励的相关办法相继出台后的规范期;随着中小企业板及创业板的长足发展及民营企业的大量上市,目前已经进入了快速发展期。随着股权激励计划在我国上市公司的普遍推行,大量问题涌现出来,严重影响实施股权激励的效用。     

城市紫线的经济学分析及对策

历史文化遗产是不可再生的稀缺资源,城市紫线划定了列入法定保护的历史文化街区范围.紫线范围内的历史保护工作产生成本,与其土地经济价值的矛盾难以平衡.在经济学的成本/收益理论的视角,怎样作出城市紫线最优选择方案.论文从成本-收益理论的视角,探讨了紫线范围与历史保护外部经济效益内部化之间关系的几种可能性方案,建议采用公开、透明的多层次、多角度的合作管理的策略,真正发挥历史文化资源的价值.