Who should own it? An agency‐based explanation for multi‐outlet ownership and co‐location in plural form franchising

Plural forms exist when managers use two owners to perform one activity. Franchising is a plural form explained by agency theory, however, the theory is unable to explain two franchisor actions: 1) allowing franchisees to own multiple outlets and 2) co‐locating company‐owned and franchised outlets. We use research that describes a symbiosis between company‐owned and franchised outlets to extend agency theory and explain these actions. Our investigation of ownership patterns among 4,339 outlets of 16 plural form franchisors is consistent with our theory that multi‐outlet franchising is cost efficient and that co‐location occurs when franchisors fill market gaps left by franchisees. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陕西省羽毛球俱乐部消费群体结构及其消费特征研究

本研究运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、问卷调查法和数理统计法等方法对陕西省羽毛球俱乐部消费群体结构及其消费特征进行了调查研究,结果表明:①其中以中青年男性为主体,强身健体是陕西省羽毛球俱乐部羽毛球爱好者体育消费的首要目的。②消费次数比较适当,锻炼时间的长短也比较合理,购买力水平中等。陕西省羽毛球爱好者参与羽毛球运动呈良性发展。     

产业多元化：微型经济体国际比较

澳门产业多元化问题是内地和澳门特区政府以及学术界十分关注的问题。根据产业组织理论,对澳门以及和澳门类似的3个经济体——卢森堡、冰岛和马耳他的产业部门数量和各产业部门在整个经济中的分布进行了比较。使用就业人口和GDP数据计算出的熵指数和赫芬达尔指数显示,澳门的产业多元化程度低于卢森堡、冰岛和马耳他。研究也发现：导致澳门产业多元化程度低的主要原因不是澳门产业部门的数量少,即所谓的＂产业结构单一＂,而是各产业在澳门整个经济活动中的比重不均衡,即所谓的（博彩产业）＂一业独大＂。研究结论可为澳门特区政府制定产业多元化政策提供参考借鉴。     

腐败与公共支出结构问题研究——基于我国城市数据的实证分析

现有研究一致认为腐败会促使财政支出规模膨胀,导致公共支出结构扭曲。本文采用我国东、中、西部120个城市的经验证据,实证检验了地方政府腐败对公共支出结构的影响,并提出了相应的政策建议。实证研究发现,腐败显著提高了行政管理支出的比重,但其对经济建设支出相对规模的影响则是不确定的。     

Delivering the Right Tourist Service to the Right People–A Comparison of Segmentation Approaches

ABSTRACT

Market segmentation has developed to become a generally accepted and widely applied concept in strategic marketing. However, the gap between academic research aiming at increased sophistication of the methodology and managerial use has steadily increased. This paper takes the perspective of a destination manager and compares two segmentation approaches. One typically used in destination management (a priorigeographical segmentation) and another one that is common in academic literature (a posterioribehavioural segmentation). The comparison emphasizes managerial usefulness (implying maximization of match between the tourists' vacation needs and the des-tinations' offer) and is illustrated with an empirical guest survey data set for Austria.     

Category management and consumer choice

This paper shows the results of an exploratory analysis of the structure of a complex product category: Wine. In complex categories, a usual strategy of consumers is the partitioning of alternatives into homogeneous subsets and the sequential eliminations of subsets until a product/brand is chosen from among few homogeneous alternatives in the last subset. To identify if there is such a kind of strategy and the product attributes involved is of great interest for the retailer. After a discussion of the different modelling alternatives of the choice process, the authors provide an application of the additive trees (ADDTREE) model to explore the hierarchical structure. The ADDTREE results provide a first overview of the competitive market structure of the wine category: competition becomes more intense as the wine category is partitioned by, first, the type of wine criteria and, second, the designation of origin (DO) criteria.     

谈工程筏板基础大体积混凝土施工

随着国民经济的快速发展和建筑技术的不断提高,大体积混凝土结构已广泛运用于工业与民用建筑、路桥、海港等工程.文章结合工程实例,对工程筏板基础大体积混凝土施工进行介绍,为建筑工程大体积混凝土施工提供参考.     

走出金融危机阴影的印度科技——简述2009年印度科技发展的新特点

2009年，印度科技在金融危机与气候变化双重压力与挑战下稳步发展，研发投入、能力建设、科技政策、科技产业等方面均有新进展、新成就。本文简要综述了印度2009年科技发展的总体情况。     

Lessons for Development from the Japanese Experience

Economic class, defined in relation to its actual control over the economy’s productive assets, is the most useful lens for examining power distribution in the post-Soviet transition and clarifying the neoliberal nature of its social provisioning processes. Using Ukraine as an illustration, I argue that only ownership empowerment of economically powerless classes can democratize the oligarchic transition economies. As an exit strategy from oligarchic capitalism, I recommend that state capitalism be implemented, as a transitory condition only, to divest oligarchs of unlawfully acquired economic power. Then, progressive restructuring of oligarchic companies must be conducted through broadening property ownership to include shared ownership and worker participation in economic decisions. I conclude that only by nurturing the democratic fundamentals of the economy and promoting a social democratic welfare state could a government in post-Euromaidan Ukraine initiate its own social control and create a genuine political and economic democracy.     

文化财产纠纷解决模式的法律机制探析

保护文化财产现已成为一种普遍共识,针对历史遗留和正在产生的文化财产纠纷,许多国家、组织和个人在设想一些模式试图更好地解决这些纠纷,如诉讼模式、仲裁模式、双边模式等等,这些模式有的实行成本和难度很大、有的还处于设想当中。本文在比较几种模式利弊的基础上,分析互惠返还协议(MBRAs模式),旨在论证这种模式在中国应用的可行性。