Policy, milk and the Dar es Salaam peri-urban zone: a new future for an old development theme?

This paper provides an analysis of 50 years of policy aimed at ensuring an adequate milk supply to Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Despite a variety of policy approaches and initiatives, providing the city with milk continues to be problematic. The use of the peri-urban zone for dairy production is one of several recurring themes, however, even with an expanding market there has been relatively little development of commercial dairying in this zone. This history is used to assess the more recent interest in the potential contribution of the peri-urban zone to sustainable urban food supplies. The paper argues that policy and development initiatives along these lines must specifically consider the relative suitability of the peri-urban zone vis-à-vis the production of specific commodities as well as potential market opportunities. Those interested in promoting peri-urban agriculture as an element of more sustainable cities cannot afford to take a narrow view that ignores either agro-ecological, economic and regional realities.     

Using stated preference techniques to value four key ecosystem services on New Zealand arable land

Many researchers have noted that not only natural ecosystems but also landscapes actively modified by humans (engineered or designed ecosystems) can significantly impact the level of ecosystem goods and availability of services, thereby impacting human and social welfare. In New Zealand, agricultural lands are the largest area of engineered ecosystems on the national landscape. Study of the welfare effects of ecosystem services delivered by agricultural land can provide important insights into the management of engineered or designed ecosystems. This paper uses the contingent valuation method (CVM) and choice modelling to estimate values of four key ecosystem services: climate regulation, water regulation, soil retention and scenic views, for New Zealand land used for arable farming.     

广州产业结构优化与城市土地资源配置研究

依据产业结构和租值相关理论，作者分析了广州产业结构现状及广州城市土地利用结构存在的问题，并提出了优化产业结构、合理配置城市土地资源的政策建议。     

浅析当前土地利用总体规划存在的主要问题

土地利用规划编制和实施对切实保护耕地，控制城市的无度扩展，优化土地利用结构和布局，促进土地资源的可持续利用等方面发挥了重要作用。但是，当前规划的实施过程中也存在耕地减少突破规划控制、与经济发展不相适应、规划可操作性不强等问题。因此，本文通过分析、探讨土地利用总体规划在规划理念、方法，规划的基础工作和规划实施保障制度等方面存在的主要问题和原因，提出了解决问题的措施建议，以期提高土地利用总体规划的科学性和可操作性。     

Does Gravity Matter in a Service Economy?

This paper estimates gravity equations for bilateral services trade in a sample of 28 countries. It finds that the standard gravity variables of economic size and geographic proximity are significant factors in services trade. It also reveals positive effects of linguistic ties on services trade. There is evidence of a positive link between regional trade arrangements and services trade. Much of that effect appears to reflect the impact of bilateral goods trade on services trade. This implies that efforts to enhance goods trade—bilateral or multilateral—should lead to more services trade as well. JEL no. F13, F15, L80     

马克思主义城乡融合思想的中国化进程

中国共产党人在把马克思主义城乡融合思想中国化的过程中,不断总结城乡建设的实践经验,形成了独具中国特色的城乡一体化思想.新中国成立初期,毛泽东以农业为基础、工农业并举、城乡兼顾的发展战略,开启了马克思主义城乡融合思想的中国化历程.改革开放以来,邓小平改革城乡关系的战略举措,为马克思主义城乡融合思想的中国化提供了政策支持和实践准备.江泽民统筹城乡发展战略促进了马克思主义城乡融合思想中国化体系的形成.在新的历史条件下,以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央结合新的实际,把马克思主义城乡融合思想不断推向前进.     

The political economy of Zimbabwean Urban informality since 2000 – A contemporary governance dilemma

ABSTRACT

The article explores the urban informality dilemma in Harare through the lens of a political economy theory. It examines the typologies of urban informality, the influence of political economy on urban informalities, and informs decision-making to address the urban informality dilemma. A qualitative approach was used where secondary data were collected through document analysis and primary data from interviews with 20 purposively selected key informants. Surveys and in-depth interviews were conducted with 585 individuals engaged in informal activities. It emerged that urban informality in Harare takes on different forms and aside from the economic crisis, politics played a role in the emergence and proliferation of urban informality. The article provides insight into, and raises awareness with regard to key areas of concern on how power influences decision-making relating to urban informality. Therefore, the article provides a basis for policy formulation and institutional reforms for effective measures to curb urban informality.     

我国居民收入分配差距分析

现阶段我国居民的收入分配差距呈现出不断扩大的总体趋势,具体表现在城乡之间、地区之间、行业之间.对此,必须及时采取有效措施解决居民收入差距扩大化带来的问题.     

城市空间结构与劳动者工资收入

本文探讨了城市规模、密度与形态等空间结构因素对劳动者工资收入影响的理论机制,并借助夜间灯光数据和LandScan人口分布数据,设计了3组城市内部距离指标以刻画城市空间形态,进而结合中国家庭金融调查数据,使用两阶段工具变量法检验了城市人口规模、密度和空间形态等对劳动者工资收入的影响强度。研究发现,在控制劳动者个人特征后,城市规模越大,密度越高,劳动者获得的工资收入就越高,证明城市聚集的规模和密度都有正外部性;与此同时,劣质的城市形态会显著降低劳动者工资收入,说明城市形态也是影响城市空间外部性的一个重要维度。此外,在不同类型的产业之间,城市形态和密度的影响存在一定的异质性,而适当降低城市密度以及完善公路基础设施可以缓解劣质城市形态对劳动者工资收入的负面影响。