The Future of Financial Reporting: Insights from Research

Research offers insights that, if heeded and built upon, could improve financial reporting, thereby contributing to a more prosperous society. In particular, research suggests improvement could stem from greater use of fair value; a performance statement designed to reveal the information embedded in changes in fair value; better information to help investors assess the value of intangible assets; more specific information about risk and uncertainty; information that is unbiased, rather than conservative; acceptance of a degree of earnings management together with a determination of how much earnings management is acceptable; and a financial reporting package designed to convey information users need, which presumably is broader than today's financial statements.     

Zombie Board: Board Tenure and Firm Performance

We show that board tenure exhibits an inverted U‐shaped relation with firm value and accounting performance. The quality of corporate decisions, such as M&A, financial reporting quality, and CEO compensation, also has a quadratic relation with board tenure. Our results are consistent with the interpretation that directors’ on‐the‐job learning improves firm value up to a threshold, at which point entrenchment dominates and firm performance suffers. To address endogeneity concerns, we use a sample of firms in which an outside director suffered a sudden death, and find that sudden deaths that move board tenure away from (toward) the empirically observed optimum level in the cross‐section are associated with negative (positive) announcement returns. The quality of corporate decisions also follows an inverted U‐shaped pattern in a sample of firms affected by the death of a director.     

Fair value disclosures and crash risk

In response to the public criticism of the inadequate disclosures mandated by SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, the FASB issued ASU (Accounting Standards Update) 2010–06, Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements, and ASU 2011–04, Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements, in an effort to increase the reporting transparency. We examine whether the increased fair value disclosures required by these two updates effectively decrease crash risk, defined as the frequency of extreme negative stock returns. In support of the hypothesis, we find that increased transparency from these updates reduces crash risk among U.S. banking firms and that the reduction is greater in banks that have a higher level of Level 3 financial assets.     

The raw material basis of global value chains: allocating environmental responsibility based on value generation

A new approach to allocate environmental responsibility, the ‘value added-based responsibility’ allocation, is presented in this article. This metric allocates total environmental pressures occurring along an international supply chain to the participating sectors and countries according to the share of value added they generate within that specific supply chain. We show that – due to their position in global value chains – certain sectors (e.g. services) and countries (e.g. Germany) receive significantly greater responsibility compared to other allocation approaches. This adds a new perspective to the discussions concerning a fair distribution of mitigation costs among nations, companies and consumers.     

价值体系的演化进程和生产均衡的三个层次——兼论对转型问题的解读路径

价值是揭示生产均衡的理论工具,在劳动分工和技术演化过程中形成的各种相对比例关系是价值体系的数量基础,从最初的"工人小组"逐渐依附于"机器的比例",最后越来越受到"技术体系"的影响,成为影响价值体系的"终因",由此构成了生产均衡的三个层次。价值概念集中体现了马克思的演化思想,转型问题只有在社会历史的自然演化过程中,考虑到生产均衡和市场均衡两种不同机制的相互关系才能够破解。     

直播电商中饥饿营销对消费者冲动购买行为的影响

饥饿营销在直播中应用非常广泛,但直播中饥饿营销影响消费者冲动购买因素的研究尚较缺乏。利用SOR（刺激-有机体-反应）理论构建结构方程模型,采用调查问卷的形式收集数据,并通过SPSS19.0和Amos 22对数据进行分析。研究表明：主播特质、在线评论、促销激励、促销数量限制对感知价值有显著正向影响;促销时间限制对感知价值的影响不显著;促销时间限制和促销数量限制对感知竞争性有显著正向影响;感知价值和感知竞争性对消费者冲动购买行为有显著正向影响。     

乡村居民参与旅游发展的多维价值及完善建议——以贵州安顺天龙屯堡文化村为个案研究

乡村居民作为乡村旅游资源的重要载体和乡村旅游开发的核心利益主体,其参与旅游发展的态度、参与程度不仅关系到乡村居民自身利益,对于提高旅游者体验质量,开拓乡村旅游市场,促进乡村旅游地可持续发展等都有着重要的现实意义。本文在文献研究和实地调研的基础上,从实证经济学角度出发,以贵州安顺天龙屯堡乡村旅游发展模式为个案,对乡村居民参与旅游发展的实践进行分析,进一步探索和揭示乡村社区居民参与旅游发展的意义,并对社区居民参与旅游发展中的潜在问题提出完善建议。     

企业资本结构理论的博弈分析

资本结构不仅影响企业的资本成本和企业总价值,而且影响企业治理结构.本文用博弈论的方法对资本结构的五种理论(MM理论、有赋税下的MM理论、权衡理论、梅耶斯新优序融资理论和信号传递模型)进行了分析,并试图从博弈论的角度来对其进行解释.     

英国旅游业发展战略及借鉴价值研究

英国在旅游发展战略和实施措施上,一直是引导世界旅游潮流的前瞻性国家之一.本文重点分析研究了英国旅游发展中,<公共服务协议>的量化管理与服务;市场推广措施与电子旅游的运作;住宿等级的标准制定与规范化管理;及旅游目的地管理中的可持续性战略.针对中国的旅游业现状,对比分析了中国旅游的不足和英国旅游的可借鉴之处.     

基于实物期权的林业项目投资研究

通过分析林业项目的特点及其实物期权特性,考虑林业项目投资过程中未来利润流的不确定性及突发事件的不确定性,运用实物期权的方法,对林业项目投资进行分析,用动态规划的方法导出项目投资阈值,并进行数值分析。