Regaining Missed Opportunities: The Role of Tourism in Post-war Development in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka had the opportunity to become one of the best tourism countries (TCs) in Asia immediately after independence in 1948. However, it missed opportunities on a number of occasions due to inappropriate economic policies, continuous political violence and war. Between 1983 and May 2009 the Sri Lankan tourism sector was seriously affected by nearly three decades of separatist war. Immediately after the end of the war, tourism in Sri Lanka bounced back and it has now become one of the main engines of economic growth in post-war Sri Lanka. In this article, a historical analysis has been undertaken to demonstrate how, despite its large tourism potential, Sri Lanka missed opportunities and fell far behind its Asian counterparts on a number of occasions. This article demonstrates that opportunities exist for the Sri Lankan tourism sector to play a vital role in the current post-war inclusive development strategy in terms of generating much needed foreign exchange, poverty alleviation via employment generation, accelerating economic growth and uplifting living standards of all Sri Lankans.     

伊拉克战争与世界石油形势

石油是世界能源焦点,海湾地区是世界“油极”。美国等西方国家不可能摆脱对海湾石油的依赖。发动伊拉克战争是为美国石油进口主源地再度移向海湾创造必要的条件;是美国夺取海湾石油控制权的重要战略步骤。伊拉克战争以美国“倒萨控伊”而告终,伊拉克战争对世界石油市场可预期的影响主要有三：首先,美国可以利用伊拉克石油冲击欧佩克油价调控机制,未来几年,国际原油价格有可能低于欧佩克调控机制每桶22美元的下限。其次,美国石油进口的主源地将再次从西半球向东半球转移。第三,伊拉克北部石油出地中海的输油路线将有可能改道,更有利于美国等西方国家完全控制伊拉克石油。     

《孙子兵法》与现代商战纵横谈

《孙子兵法》是我国也是世界上最早、最完整、最卓越的军事理论著作,是中华民族数千年灿烂文明长河中,令世界叹为观止的闪烁着真理光芒的文化瑰宝,一直为世人所推崇。《孙子兵法》为世界第一“兵学盛典”,已在世界范围内广泛传播,应用领域极为广泛,更倍受商界青睐。日本企业家将其奉为至宝,美国商人视其为“金科玉律”。军队是在战场上拼杀,企业是在市场上作战,二者有相当的相似性,《孙子兵法》是伟大的商战博弈论,故可为现代商战所用。《孙子兵法》中“上兵伐谋”的战略思想、“五事七计”的决策思想、不战而胜的“全胜”思想、“以利制权”的“权变”思想,则是现代商战的制胜法宝。     

自愿出口限制的性质与成因分析

本文以存在剩余劳动的大国和存在政治压力的小国为背景,分析了自愿出口限制(VER)的性质和成因。VER对出口国总是被迫的,是进出口双方力求回避贸易摩擦成本的结果,而厌恶风险的政府对贸易限制结果确定化的要求是VER采取数量限制形式的原因。     

基于ActionScript3.0的坦克大战游戏的设计

《坦克大战》是一款非常经典的红白机游戏,给作者的孩童时代带来了快乐。本着重温经典的初衷,利用完全面向对象的FLASH脚本语言ActionScript3.0制作了本款游戏。本文主要介绍了游戏流程、设计过程以及在设计过程中遇到的困难和解决措施。     

60年时代主题的重大变革——从“战争”到“和平”的大局统筹

统筹国际与国内两个大局，关乎国家在建设时期“中心任务”的抉择，是建国60年经验总结中不可回避的课题。在十一届三中全会之前与之后，对国际和国内两个大局的不同统筹观（即从“战争格局论”到“和平与发展论”；从“要准备打仗”到“集中力量摘经济建设”的巨大变革），对国际政治、尤其国内的建设格局以及台湾问题的处理方针都产生了极其重大的影响。抚今思昔，在改革大势下。我们全面肯定邓小平的全局统筹观；继往开来，在历史镜鉴中，不等于轻率地否定1978年改革以前毛泽东的大局统筹观。这是历史的否定之否定，是历史的辩证法。     

加强信息化战争军事交通运输能力建设

随着科学技术的飞速发展,信息化已经成为这个时代的显著特征之一。而信息化战争也必将成为未来战争中的主要形式之一。为适应新军事变革的需要,加快我军信息化的建设已刻不容缓,而信息化条件下军事交通运输能力的建设就成为摆在我们面前的一个极为紧迫而又重大的课题。     

Agriculture and controls in Denmark 1930–1950

Abstract

In 1932/33 the Danish Ministry of Agriculture established a number of government export boards with fairly wide-ranging powers. In spite of strong liberal traditions, Danish farmers soon learned to appreciate government intervention. Firstly, the administration was entrusted entirely to the agricultural organisations, giving them wide opportunities for influence. Secondly, through the export boards, the agricultural interest was afforded the chance of controlling the marketing stage in the same way as it already dominated the production stage via the cooperative movement.

Starting off from this example, we shall discuss in more general terms the integration mechanisms responsible for bringing about close teamwork between organisations and government. This teamwork came about in large measure for reasons of technical administration, the organisations being able to offer a complementary administrative machine which at the same time functioned as a harmonising element for the government. Moreover the Danish political system, characterised as it was and is by consensus democracy and minority parliamentarism, facilitated close integration of the organisations in policy formulation and implementation.     

试论信息化条件下我军作战的主要形式

我国社会主义的国家性质,世界新军事变革的客观要求,以及我军建设发展的现状特点,迫切要求我军在信息化条件下必须采取全新的作战方式,包括情报信息战、结构瘫痪战、多维制空战、立体游击战、综合火力战、网络对抗战、电磁干扰战、联合反恐战、心理攻击战、舆论宣传战等形式,从而适应时代特点,打赢信息化条件下的反侵略、反分裂、反恐怖的防御性人民战争。