农村剩余劳动力转移的正反“拉力”与“推力”研究——对宽甸满族自治县“入户调查”资料的分析与思考

通过对宽甸满族自治县的入户调查发现,农村剩余劳动力在城镇从业一定程度上提高了农村家庭的收入水平,但是当前农村剩余劳动力转移存在正反两个方向的四种动力：城市不仅存在吸引农民入城务工的＂拉力＂,也存在将外来务工者推回农村的＂推力＂;而农村不仅存在将剩余劳动力推往城市的＂推力＂,也存在将外出务工者拽回来的＂拉力＂。正是在正反＂拉力＂与＂推力＂的综合作用下,部分农民选择了＂离土不离乡＂或＂离—返交替＂的半农半工模式。因此,小城镇建设具有重要的意义：可以通过发展农村经济＂拉住＂劳动力,以缓解城市就业压力;同时也有利于农民选择适合自己的生产和生活方式,实现农村剩余劳动力的多元化和逐步有序转移。     

A tool for analysing the interdependence of indoor environmental quality and reported symptoms of the hospitals’ personnel

The working environment and the working conditions can influence the well-being of hospital employees and consequently their performance at work. The present questionnaire-based study (737 valid questionnaires) developed and evaluated a quantitative structural equation model (SEM) that examines the interdependence between the indoor environmental quality (IEQ), the working conditions, the atopic constituents and the reported health complains of employees in three Greek hospitals. The results of the SEM reveal that IEQ could partially explain the employees’ symptoms in the hospitals. The working conditions proved to be a key factor in the relationship between IEQ and symptoms. Multi-group analysis has shown that this interdependence is affected by the building characteristics, by the gender, the smoking habits and the specialty of each participant, but not by their age.     

Three generations of Telework: New ICTs and the (R)evolution from Home Office to Virtual Office

‘New ICTs’, such as smartphones and tablet computers, have revolutionised work and life in the 21st Century. Crucial to this development is the detachment of work from traditional office spaces. Today's office work is often supported by Internet connections, and thus can be done from anywhere at any time. Research on detachment of work from the employer's premises actually dates back to the previous century. In the 1970s and 1980s, Jack Nilles and Allan Toffler predicted that work of the future would be relocated into or nearby employees’ homes with the help of technology, called ‘Telework’. Analysing technological advancements—the enabling forces of change in this context—over four decades sheds new light on this term: they have fostered the evolution of Telework in distinct stages or ‘generations’. Today's various location‐independent, technology‐enabled new ways of working are all part of the same revolution in the inter‐relationship between paid work and personal life.     

Flexibility bites back: the multiple and hidden costs of flexible employment policies

Flexible labour markets are increasingly regarded as the answer to a wide spectrum of labour market and societal challenges from creating jobs to reducing segmentation and welfare dependency, improving public finances and supporting workforce diversity and innovation. The contention is that, contrary to these claims, flexible labour markets generate fundamental contradictions and unsustainable long‐term trends. The jobs miracle is exaggerated and based on low productivity jobs, outsiders often lose most from competition, claimants must work flexibly but still secure a full‐time wage, low‐wage employment is shrinking the fiscal base, jobs are not being adjusted to accommodate workers' changing needs and capacities and the disposable labour model is undermining long‐term productivity.     

初始就业状态、工作转换与农民工就业质量变动

有研究认为,工作转换是农民工群体为了提高其就业质量（工资水平）进行的主动选择,而现实中工作转换是否能够有效提升农民工就业质量有待深入考察。利用RUMIC2008—2010面板数据,在区分受雇就业和自营就业的基础上,进一步控制工作转换前的就业状态,考察工作转换对农民工就业质量变动的影响,分析表明：工作转换对农民工就业质量变动的影响与其转换前的就业状态有关,转换前就业质量越高,转换后就业质量提升空间越有限,工作转换对原本处于低质量就业状态的农民工的就业质量有更大的提升作用;参加养老了保险以及有固定或长期劳动合同的受雇就业者在工作转换中处于不利地位,相对于未转换者,工作转换反而使其就业质量变差。     

空想社会主义的和谐社会思想及其实践意义

西欧工业化初期,以圣西门、付立叶、欧文为代表的空想社会主义者系统阐述了构建和谐社会的思想。他们从批判剥削制度入手,设计了人类应该实现的和谐社会形态,提出了实现和谐社会的途径。虽然他们的思想过于理想化,在当时的社会条件下不具有现实可行性,因而被称为"空想",但是,随着社会的发展进步,其思想的闪光点越来越为后人所重视。在今天,空想社会主义思想家的和谐思想对我们构建社会主义和谐社会仍然具有十分重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

论不断增强党的阶级基础

中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队,党的阶级基础决定党的性质,不断增强党的阶级基础是保持党的先进性的根本所在。改革开放多年来,工人阶级的内涵在深化,外延在扩大。中国共产党所肩负的历史使命要求我们党要不断增强党的阶级基础。     

地方人大重大事项决定权工作机制探索

党的十八大对坚持和完善人民代表大会制度提出了新的更高要求,十八届三中全会作出的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》,特别明确了人大重大事项决定权。鉴于目前地方人大及其常委会的决定权基本虚置的状况,本文探讨了地方人大重大事项决定权的涵义及工作机制,以期健全人大讨论、决定重大事项制度,推进人民代表大会制度理论和实践创新。     

最严格水资源管理制度下用水总量统计工作机制设计

在分析已有研究成果的基础上,通过实践调研,了解用水总量统计工作机制的现状,剖析当前存在的不足,分别从业务流程机制、复核机制以及激励机制3个角度出发,进行完善,具体表现为:1重构业务流程,即在对已有用水总量统计业务流程分析的基础上,增加监督和评估/复核等环节;2构建成果复核机制,即根据用水总量统计的源头数据不同,构建针对水资源监测部门和取/用水户的成果复核机制;3设计激励机制,即基于委托代理和激励机制设计理论,分别设计针对用水户和水资源监测部门的激励机制,并初步构建了水资源监测部门工作绩效评价指标体系。     

账户余额试算平衡表的编制——科目汇总法

与传统的总账记录法不同,科目汇总法是一种利用科目汇总表数据进行试算平衡、相对独立于账簿体系之外的账户余额试算平衡表编制方法。其编制程序是根据企业档案管理要求或经营管理需求,设计每册会计凭证的起、止编号及其适当的科目汇总表工作底稿,逐笔登记每张记账凭证中的会计科目发生额、加计和调整以及结转相关科目的本期借贷发生额并进行余额的试算平衡。手工账下,基于有效履行受托责任和减少会计风险的考量,运用科目汇总法来编制账户余额试算平衡表应是一种必要的会计程序。