Encouraging employees to co-operate: the effects of sponsored training and promotion practices on employees' willingness to work overtime

The ‘mutual-investment’ model argues that when employers invest more in the social exchange relationship between them and their employees, their employees will show more effort. In this paper we relate the ‘mutual-investment’ model to training and promotion (possibilities) and examine if these kinds of career-enhancing measures influence the willingness of employees within organizations to work overtime. To test this hypothesis, a vignette experiment was conducted in five organizations (N = 388; 1,531 vignettes). Multilevel analyses show that employees are more willing to work overtime when their employer has provided for training, when the employee recently was promoted, when the supervisor was supportive in the past and when co-workers approve of working overtime and behave similarly. But we did not find that future promotion chances affect willingness to work overtime.     

对航空发动机燃烧室工作稳定性的思考

航空发动机燃烧室工作稳定性与飞机飞行安全息息相关。因此,在规定的飞行速度之中必须要充分的保证好燃烧室工作的稳定性。影响航空发动机燃烧室不稳定性因素包括火焰稳定基本性能、声耦合效应与反应物供应情况几种。利用CFD技术与反应动力学理论进行定量分析,本文主要从燃烧室火焰稳定性、燃烧室内声耦合效应稳定性、燃烧声稳定性与发动机系统反应物供应限制导致的燃烧室不稳定性分析航空发动机燃烧室的工作稳定性。     

工会在建设和谐设计院中的定位、作用和工作方法

胡锦涛总书记在省部级主要领导干部提高构建社会主义和谐社会能力专题研讨班上的重要讲话中指出,我们所要建设的社会主义和谐社会,应该是民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会。和谐设计院是社会主义和谐社会大系统中的一个有机组成部分,同样应该是具备民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处6个要素的设计院。文章根据和谐社会的特征,结合某设计院实际,详细解读了和谐设计院的标准,并分析了在创建和谐设计院中工会的工作定位与作用。     

基于组件的工作流通用平台建模研究

组件技术和工作流技术是两种不同的技术,该文阐述了如何通过各种工作流组件搭建工作流通用平台的方法,并给出了基于组件和工作流技术的系统模型,对开发工作流系统有一定实用价值。     

The economic effects of the 1920 eight-hour working day reform in Sweden

In 1920, the working day in Swedish manufacturing and services was cut from 10 to 8 hours without wages being cut correspondingly. Since workers demanded and got the same daily wage working 8 hours as they had with 10, real hourly wages increased dramatically; they were about 50% higher in 1921–1922 than they had been in 1919. This is the largest wage push in Swedish history, and this paper studies the consequences for profits, investments, capital intensity and unemployment. In traded manufacturing employers responded by increasing capital intensity and did not compensate for rising wages by raising prices, which led to a combination of jobless growth and low profit rates in the 1920s. Firms in non-traded manufacturing and services could raise prices and conserve profitability to a higher degree. In total, the effects of the reform were pro-labour. We discuss the implications for our understanding of interwar wages and employment, the literature on the decrease in inequality found in most industrial countries around 1920 and the rise of the ‘Swedish model’ in the 1920s and 1930s.     

Is working capital management value-enhancing through alleviating financial constraints? Evidence from Chinese non-listed firms

Financial factors have been found highly important in influencing firms’ real activities and in promoting aggregate growth. Yet, the linkage between finance and firm-level total factor productivity (TFP) has been overlooked in the literature. I fill this gap using 147,310 non-listed Chinese firms over the period 1999–2007 to estimate a TFP model augmented with working capital. I find that TFP is strongly and significantly associated with working capital for private and foreign firms, but not for SOEs. More specifically, an increase in working capital has a negative (positive) effect on TFP in firms with positive (negative) working capital. Furthermore, highly external financial constrained, highly internal financial constrained, under-developed institutional regions and small size private and foreign firms are more sensitive to working capital.     

论不断增强党的阶级基础

中国共产党是中国工人阶级的先锋队,党的阶级基础决定党的性质,不断增强党的阶级基础是保持党的先进性的根本所在。改革开放多年来,工人阶级的内涵在深化,外延在扩大。中国共产党所肩负的历史使命要求我们党要不断增强党的阶级基础。     

地方人大重大事项决定权工作机制探索

党的十八大对坚持和完善人民代表大会制度提出了新的更高要求,十八届三中全会作出的《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干重大问题的决定》,特别明确了人大重大事项决定权。鉴于目前地方人大及其常委会的决定权基本虚置的状况,本文探讨了地方人大重大事项决定权的涵义及工作机制,以期健全人大讨论、决定重大事项制度,推进人民代表大会制度理论和实践创新。     

"做家务"还是"继续工作"? ——健康视角下的老年人劳动时间配置

随着健康劳动时间价值的持续上升,合理解决工作时间和家务时间配置的冲突,对于老年人的时间福利提升具有重要实践意义。基于中国健康与营养调查 (CHNS)1997 ～ 2015 非平衡面板数据,使用面板 Tobit 模型实证分析了健康对老年人劳动时间配置的影响。研究发现：（1）慢性疾病和健康冲击显著减少了老年人的工作时间,但增加了家务时间,该结论在收入增加时仍然成立。（2）以日常饮食偏好作为工具变量,采用面板数据工具变量法,发现该结果仍然成立;采用日常生活能力作为自变量进一步的验证健康对老年人劳动时间配置的影响,结果仍稳健。（3）分城乡异质性结果表明,城镇老年人在受到健康威胁时,更重视家庭时间价值,而农村老年人即使受到了健康威胁,仍存在“无休止劳动”现象;分职业异质性结果表明,服务业和非专业技术老年人受到健康威胁时,其工作时间和家务时间都增加,劳动时间福利受损。高级专业技术老年人的工作时间减少,家务时间增加。从事农业劳动的农民和有技术老年人的工作时间增加,家务时间减少。随着收入的增加,没有发现服务业、农业和有技术老年人的工作时间和家务劳动时间之间的相互替代关系,高级专业技术工人更倾向于用家务劳动时间替代工作时间。另外,未发现在城镇从事服务业、农业、非专业技术、技术和高级技术工人五大类职业中工作时间和家务时间之 间的替代关系。从社会保障和社会福利政策、老年劳动力需求相关的政策和畅通职业自由流动政策方面提出政策建议。     

教师的组织承诺及对工作努力度和满意度的影响

教师是学校生存和发展最为宝贵的资产,教师管理是学校管理的一个重要的部分。学校对教师的管理越发受到重视。组织承诺是组织行为学研究的一个重要概念,对于组织的生存和发展十分重要。以教师的特点为出发点,分析了他们的组织承诺的影响因素及形成过程。论述了组织承诺对教师工作努力度和满意度的影响,并就如何改进管理方式、提高他们的组织承诺进行了探讨。