论施工阶段现场签证管理

施工现场签证是工程建设在施工期间各种因素和条件发生变化的真实记录和证实,也是承包、发包双方承包合同以外的工程质量变化的实际情况记录的签证。现场签证是计算预算外费用的原始依据,是建设工程施工阶段造价管理的主要组成部分。现场签证的正确与否,直接影响到工程造价。因此,加强现场签证管理对控制工程造价具有重要意义。     

论施工阶段现场签证管理

施工现场签证是工程建设在施工期间各种因素和条件发生变化的真实记录和证实,也是承包、发包双方承包合同以外的工程质量变化的实际情况记录的签证。现场签证是计算预算外费用的原始依据,是建设工程施工阶段造价管理的主要组成部分。现场签证的正确与否,直接影响到工程造价。因此,加强现场签证管理对控制工程造价具有重要意义。     

论工程现场一号表签证的把关

现场一号表签证是工程结算的重要依据,只有把好签证关,才能有效控制工程造价。文章对现场一号表需要签证的内容及签证环节存在的常见问题进行了分析,并提出做好现场一号表签证工作的建议。     

Tourism demand in Hong Kong: income,prices, and visa restrictions

This paper examines the determinants of Hong Kong tourism demand for the top-three major tourist arrival countries, namely Mainland China, Taiwan, and Japan, with an error correction model. Specifically, this paper will examine the effects of relaxing the visa requirement, the launch of the Individual Visit Scheme (IVS), for Mainland Chinese tourists in 2003. Empirical results show that tourists are income-elastic and consider international tourism to be a luxury good. Tourists are more sensitive to changes in the nominal exchange rate than to changes in the foreign pricing level. The positive effect of the launch of the IVS for Mainland Chinese tourists outweighs the adverse impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on tourism demand for Hong Kong.     

Understanding visitor–resident relations in overtourism: developing resilience for sustainable tourism

While almost all travel destinations seek to increase tourists, less attention is paid to balancing the growth in tourists against consequent visitor–resident irritants, which is essential if the objective is to make tourism more sustainable. Overlooking the carrying capacity of a destination is a common mistake committed when formulating travel visa policies. Overtourism is a term recently used to contextualize this potential hazard to many popular tourist destinations worldwide. One notable case in point is the “multiple-entry permit” policy implemented in Hong Kong which is causing conflicts between mainland Chinese visitors and Hong Kong residents. To investigate the overtourism phenomenon in Hong Kong we develop a hysteresis model. We hypothesized that ceteris paribus, the implementation of a “multiple-entry permit” policy would lead to an overwhelming growth in day-trippers and cause a permanently negative cointegrating relationship with residents’ sentiment. We confirmed our hypothesis by using the bound tests of Autoregressive-Distributed Lag models. Our findings suggest that policymakers should note that the deterioration in visitor–resident relations from overtourism may exhibit a significant hysteresis effect that will persist far beyond the original stimulus. “Developing resilience in tourism” and “exploring sustainable degrowth” are discussed as potential strategies for long-term tourism growth.     

Would a single regional visa encourage tourist arrivals in southern Africa?

Although many studies have been done of factors impeding Africa's development as a tourism destination, few have focused on southern Africa, and to date none have questioned whether the current visa requirements affect the region's tourism industry. This paper investigates the potential impact of the so-called Univisa, a single visa for the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region proposed by SADC and the Regional Tourism Organisation of Southern Africa. It examines the possible effect of visa requirements on a destination's accessibility and visitor numbers. Two surveys revealed that inbound and outbound tour operators were relatively positive about the benefits the proposed Univisa would bring, but were concerned about other factors hindering tourism development in the region. The study revealed the complexities of a regional visa and found that even though a regional visa might alleviate some problems, it cannot be seen as an answer to the slow development of tourism in this region.     

国际贸易和投资中签证壁垒问题研讨

由于国家安全、经济利益、非法移民和法律差异等因素，签证壁垒不仅存在，而且不会消除。签证壁垒不属于非关税壁垒，而是一种间接但明显的歧视性服务贸易壁垒。签证壁垒直接影响服务贸易自由化，间接影响货物贸易及投资自由化，对中国的影响甚于其他国家。解决签证壁垒给中国带来的问题，既要通过国际磋商扩大互免签证的范围，严格遵循东道国移民法的规定，又要放宽国内外汇管制，积极寻求权利补救，以及发挥出境中介机构专业优势。     

试析有效减少工程变更,加强工程造价控制

基于工程建设项目设计变更和工程签证的区别、产生的原因及签发时应注意的事项,对减少设计变更和工程签证应采取的措施及工程结算时应采取的措施进行分析探讨。     

浅析土建项目全过程造价咨询控制要点

本文从施工组织、设计变更、现场签证、材料价格、主要隐蔽工程及验收、设备价格及配套材料、工程进度款支付、索赔费用等方面入手,结合土建工程项目施工过程,简述全过程造价应该控制的重点。