交通运输对区域经济影响效应的研究进展及展望

交通运输是国民经济发展的命脉,也是区域经济持续快速发展重要的支撑、服务和保障体系的组成部分。本文从区位条件、区域产业结构、区域空间结构、区域市场、区域发展战略、区域合作等方面分析了目前我国交通运输对区域经济影响效应研究的进展,指出交通运输对区域经济影响效应研究中存在的问题,并在此基础上,探讨了我国该领域未来的研究趋向和发展态势。     

国外新兴产业生命周期理论研究述评与展望

近年来,新兴产业实践的纵深发展不仅丰富了产业生命周期理论的研究内容,而且对其经典理论提出了挑战。首先系统归纳了新兴产业生命周期各阶段理论研究的特点,指出准确判断新兴产业所处具体阶段越来越困难。然后,总结了新兴产业生命周期理论区别于传统产业的特征,并以复杂产品系统和文化产业为例分析了经典产业生命周期理论应用的例外情形。在此基础上,提出要加强包括复杂产品系统和文化产业等在内的新兴产业生命周期模型的系统研究,并且需要来自更多国家、更广泛产业数据的实证检验。     

国家创新体系包容性视角下高校与外资研发机构合作模式演进研究

在华外资研发机构具有明显的技术和管理优势,对我国自主创新能力产生了积极影响;高校作为研发创新的重要载体与外资研发机构开展科研合作,可加速科研成果转化应用,进而提升我国科技创新能力。从国家创新体系包容性视角,分析了高校与外资研发机构科研合作模式演进历程及存在的问题,并提出了对策建议。     

产业集群知识转移复杂系统反馈结构分析

产业集群内知识转移过程构成一个复杂的社会经济系统,在其转移过程中存在制约和促进系统发展的反馈结构。只有准确分析其系统结构才能有效把握系统行为,为管理对策的制定提供依据。利用系统动力学反馈动态复杂性分析理论与技术,建立了有效刻画产业集群内知识转移过程复杂系统的结构模型。利用基模分析技术分析了系统中的反馈关系,进行管理对策的生成研究,实现了以系统科学方法有效分析产业集群内知识转移过程的目的。     

基于软系统方法的整合创新模型研究

创新过程从本质上讲是一个无结构系统创立或变革的过程,而处理无结构、多目标复杂问题正是软系统方法的优势。在借鉴国外相关创新模型的基础上,提出了一个基于软系统方法的整合创新模型。     

德国在生命科学前沿领域的研发与创新

德国将生命科学界定为“引领性先进学科”,而系统生物学、计算神经科学与医学基因组学是生命科学研究的前沿学科。德国联邦政府通过系列措施大力推进上述三个领域的研发创新。文章对德国生命科学领域项目实施情况、重点领域进展和支持其研究创新政策机制特点进行了分析和归纳。     

Can highway investment policies influence regional growth?

If a highway investment policy instrument is to alter growth in the manner desired, two criteria must be satisfied: (1) the policy instrument must be implemented, and (2) the implementation must achieve the desired policy goal. A look at three decades of highway policy goals (slowing net population growth, reducing arterial congestion, and fostering city-specific population increases) and policy instruments (zoning and sewer restrictions, gridded networks, and highway facility construction or non-construction) provided insights regarding the extent to which Virginia's growth-oriented highway investment decisions satisfied these two criteria.Crucial to the first criterion is that a policy instrument will not be implemented if it lacks a supporting mechanism. For example, the policy instrument of gridded networks in this study lacked any ordinance, financial incentive, or training to facilitate its implementation. Crucial to the second criterion is that highway investments are not effective for achieving a growth-related policy goal. Development will continue in a region despite efforts to slow it by deleting new roads from master plans or will occur elsewhere despite efforts to target it in a specific area.     

AN APPLICATION OF AN INTEGRATED TRANSPORT NETWORK – MULTIREGIONAL CGE MODEL TO THE CALIBRATION OF SYNERGY EFFECTS OF HIGHWAY INVESTMENTS

A transportation network-multiregional CGE model is applied to estimate the synergy effects of a set of highway projects on value added by region and industrial sector. This synergy effect is defined as a difference between the summation of the net GDP increase from the development of each highway sub-link without spatial linkage and the change in GDP resulting from the concurrent development of all links with spatial linkages. Among nine east–west highways in Korea, the East–West 9 highway increases the GDP by 0.3% over the 30-year time period horizon, with 0.016% of the GDP due to the synergy effect. The East–West 9 highway has the largest synergy effect of US$0.164 billion per year on the manufacturing sector of Kwangju Metropolitan Area, resulting in a gain in a regional GRP per capita of US$15.88 per year. Since most synergy effects are generated in less developed regions, highway development can contribute to the reduction in regional disparities.     

Factors influencing corporate governance disclosures: evidence from Alternative Investment Market (AIM) companies in the UK

This study examines the relationship between company and ownership characteristics and the disclosure level of compliance with Quoted Companies Alliance (QCA) recommendations on corporate governance in Alternative Investment Market (AIM) companies. We report clear evidence that compliance increases with company size, board size, the proportion of independent non-executive directors, the presence of turnover revenue, and being formerly listed on the Main Market. However, we find that shell and highly geared AIM companies disclose relatively lower levels of corporate governance than recommended under QCA guidelines. Our findings suggest that market regulators should review the potential impact of the quality of corporate governance in these companies on the future vibrancy of AIM. We find no evidence that ownership structure or the type of Nominated Advisor is related to disclosure of compliance with QCA guidelines. Overall, in a lightly regulated environment such as the AIM market, it seems that companies will ultimately pursue a cost–benefit strategy in voluntarily complying with good corporate governance practice.