An effective going concern prediction model for the sustainability of enterprises and capital market development

The purpose of this study is to construct a two-stage effective and innovative going concern prediction model to predict going concern doubt for the sustainability of enterprises and capital market development. Samples of this study are the companies listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange or the Taipei Exchange, totalling 196 companies and including 49 companies with going concern doubt and 147 normal companies (with no going concern doubt). The data are taken from the Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) and the Market Observation Post System during the period from 2001 to 2016 (totalling 16 years). This study adopts a two-stage way to construct the going concern prediction models. In Stage I, the traditional statistical method of stepwise regression (SR) and the data mining technique artificial neural network (ANN) are applied to select the important variables. In Stage II, two decision tree algorithms (data mining techniques): classification and regression tree (CART) and C5.0 are used to establish the prediction models. The results show that the SR + CART model has the highest going concern prediction accuracy, with an overall accuracy of 87.42%.     

Transmission of CSR requirements in supply chains: investigating the multiple mediating effects of CSR activities in SMEs

In recent years, scholars have increasingly turned their attention to the separate areas of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and supply chain management (SCM). However, little scholarly attention has been paid to the transmission of CSR requirements from a small to medium-sized enterprises (SME) perspective. Drawing on institutional and innovation diffusion theories, this paper investigates to what extent the CSR requirements of customers influence the CSR activities of SMEs and their CSR requirements toward their own suppliers. Multiple mediation analysis was performed on data from a sample of 146,060 French SMEs. The findings indicate that the CSR requirements of customers have a direct negative effect on SMEs’ CSR requirements toward suppliers. However, the relationship becomes positive when we take into account the mediating role of the SMEs’ own CSR activities (i.e. economic, social and environmental activities). Furthermore, the study reveals that the indirect effect through economic CSR activities is the greatest, followed by social and then environmental CSR activities. Our main contribution is that implementing CSR activities within SMEs is a necessary step so that SMEs can be brokers in the transmission of CSR requirements in the supply chain.     

海洋环境污染损失的货币价值估算——以珠江入海口为例

近年海洋经济的高速发展及海洋资源的不合理开发利用，给广东省的海洋资源与环境带来了一系列问题，有必要对海洋环境污染损失的货币价值进行估算，以更好地进行环境的投入与产出比较，将环境保护纳入经济核算体系。通过比较并应用各种货币化计量方法，分别算出珠江入海口海域的海洋渔业价值、水质净化价值等，对珠江入海口海域的生态系统经济价值进行评估，在此基础上，结合计量模型对海洋环境污染损失进行货币化综合计量，得到海洋环境污染造成的经济损失量的保守估计范围为 87.4~106.9 亿元/年。最后，提出广东省应充分使用财政资金的金融手段，建立多渠道、多层次和全方位的海洋环境保护体系，最终达到保护海洋生态环境和资源的目的。     

Cap and trade policies in the presence of monopoly and distortionary taxation

We extend an analytical general equilibrium model of environmental policy with pre-existing labor tax distortions to include pre-existing monopoly power as well. We show that the existence of monopoly power has two offsetting effects on welfare. First, the environmental policy reduces monopoly profits, and the negative effect on income increases labor supply in a way that partially offsets the pre-existing labor supply distortion. Second, environmental policy raises prices, so interaction with the pre-existing monopoly distortion further exacerbates the labor supply distortion. This second effect is larger, for reasonable parameter values, so the existence of monopoly reduces the welfare gain (or increases the loss) from environmental restrictions.     

Environmental liability and the capital structure of firms

This paper analyses the impact of environmental liability regimes on the capital structure of firms. We show that imposing environmental liability only on polluting firms, with limited liability, increases use of bank debt. Extending environmental liability to banks lowers bank borrowing relative to liability only on firms, with an ambiguous effect relative to no liability. Using US industry-level data we estimate a reduced-form model of bank borrowing by firms and show that the introduction of environmental liability only on firms increased bank borrowing by 15–20%, but when liability was extended to banks, borrowing returned to a level slightly higher than with no liability.     

Environmental effects of export trade in the Yangtze River Delta, 2003-2006

Economic globalization has promoted the formation of global production network, and correspondingly the high-quality environmental factors are reconfigured behind the physical commodities exchange. Export trade not only drives China＇s economic growth, promotes industrial upgrading and technological progress, but also may have a negative impact on the environment. After reviewing and summarizing the existing relevant literatures, tire paper collects the required statistic data from 2003 to 2006 and uses the panel data model to measure the environmental effects of export trade in the Yangtze River Delta. The results show that the export trade of Yangtze River Delta has a negative impact on the environment. When the variables of economic scale, economic structure areftxed, with the export trade growth of 1%, the industrial sulfur dioxide emission and industrial waste water emtsston will increase by 0.12% and 0.23% respectively. So we must pay serious attention to the negative effects, and promote regional sustainable development rapidly through adjusting the export structure and strengthening environmental regulations.     

Gender and climate change: Do female parliamentarians make difference?

This paper investigates whether female political representation in national parliaments influences climate change policy outcomes. Based on data from a large sample of countries, we demonstrate that female representation leads countries to adopt more stringent climate change policies. We exploit a combination of full and partial identification approaches to suggest that this relationship is likely to be causal. Moreover, we show that through its effect on the stringency of climate change policies, the representation of females in parliament results in lower carbon dioxide emissions. Female political representation may be an underutilized tool for addressing climate change.     

Sustainability of Monetary-cum-Exchange Rate Policy in China

This paper theoretically considers the long-run sustainability of China’s monetary-cum-exchange rate policy under the impossible trinity. Two different models are examined: One sterilizes current net foreign assets (NFAs) and the other focuses on NFAs realized in the previous period. Under the de facto opening of financial flows, sterilization yields a negative risk premium in uncovered interest parity (UIP) that triggers a feedback increase among capital inflows. Here, stability depends on the magnitudes and the combination of structural and policy parameters. It is shown that if current capital inflows are sterilized, the monetary-cum-exchange rate policy in China offers a sustainable solution for exchange rates that are relatively stringently managed. However, such a solution can be obtained for relatively flexible or moderately managed rates if sterilization policy is implemented on the previous period’s inflows.     

企业环境技术创新采纳的行为决策研究

分析了环境技术创新采纳的特点,对其研究现状进行了归纳和总结,指出决策的有限理性是现有理论对其解释不足的重要原因。结合传统决策及行为决策理论的发展,以文献研究和调查研究相结合的方法提取主要的理性变量和行为变量,建立了企业环境技术创新采纳的行为决策框架。     

关于社会责任会计的辨析

随着许多社会问题越来越严重,人们要求企业在追求微观利益的同时,也要承担相应的社会责任。社会责任会计应运而生,并成为会计关注的热点问题。本文主要对社会责任会计与传统企业会计、社会会计、责任会计和环境会计之间的关系进行分析,以期为更准确的理解社会责任会计提供参考。