Generational incidence of savings taxation versus capital-income taxation

This paper examines the incidence of capital taxation in a model in which the taxation of capital is clearly justifiable and using analytical techniques from the tax reform literature. The taxation of capital has long been a controversial issue, with much of the literature concluding that savings/capital-income should not be taxed. Recently, however, Blackorby and Brett have shown in a model with several desirable features that it can be optimal to tax capital, and they provide a simple yet compelling argument in favor of both savings taxation and capital-income taxation. We use the Blackorby–Brett model (i.e. a model in which the taxation of capital can be justified) to revisit the question of the incidence of capital taxation. We focus on the generational incidence of capital taxation; that is, the incidence on a young generation and an old generation. However, an interpretation in terms of the incidence on "capital" versus "labor" (as is traditional in the tax incidence literature) is also provided.     

The relevance of currency risk in the EMU

We investigate how the elimination of intra-European exchange risk may affect international financial markets using a conditional version of the International CAPM. We estimate the EMU and non-EMU components of aggregate currency risk and document significant exposures to both. The premium for EMU risk is positive and associated with exposure to the French, Italian and Spanish currencies. The premium for non-EMU risk is consistently negative and accounts for most of the aggregate currency premiums. In the 1990s, exposures to EMU risk declined significantly while exposures to non-EMU risk increased. Hence the adoption of the Euro is unlikely to have a large impact on aggregate currency risk premiums.     

Futures and forward price differential and the effect of marking‐to‐market: Australian evidence

The objective of this paper is to examine the effects of marking‐to‐market of futures contracts on the price differential between futures and forward contracts based on the predictions of the Cox, Ingersoll and Ross (1981) (CIR) model. Cox et al ., (1981) derive a series of propositions with respect to the relationship between futures and forward prices and a set of testable implications. These are tested empirically in this paper using Australian data from November 1991 to June 1997. The results provide evidence of the presence of significant futures and forward price differences, where the futures price is consistently below the forward price. Only partial support is found for the Cox et al ., (1981) propositions, implying that the effect of marking‐to‐market is not able to fully account for the price differential. Therefore, it is not possible to rule out the influence of other institutional factors on the futures‐forward price difference.     

市场失灵与企业创新

新古典理论认为市场失灵会使得资源配置的效率偏离帕累托最优状态,文章认为,市场失灵还会影响到企业的创新方向和创新数量,导致全社会该产生的创新可能创新不够,不该产生的创新却层出不穷,从而降低资源配置的长期效率,针对市场失灵的不同类型,政府只要采取不同的措施,就能够正确引导企业的创新行为。     

我国成品油定价机制研究综述

我国成品油定价机制经历了一个漫长的改革历程,从计划经济下的单一价格发展成为目前的逐渐向国际油价靠拢。文中阐述了每个阶段的特征和影响,并对现行成品油定价机制的特点和不足及未来的改革方向作出了分析。     

清单计价背景下投标报价策略研究

在建筑市场推行无底招标和清单计价规范的背景下，探讨由业主给定工程量，投标单位填报单价，最后经过验方计价，以单价结算的合同下，投标单位如何根据业主给定工程量可能的变动趋势，基于运筹学的线性规划理论，进行不平衡报价，最大化其收益。     

基于实物期权法对R&D项目价值评估的研究——对布莱克-舒尔斯定价模型的改进

针对R&D项目投资的特点,探讨了采用布莱克一舒尔斯期权定价模型对R&D项目价值评估可能存在的缺陷,并提出一种改进方法,即将决策树和布莱克一舒尔斯定价模型结合运用,因为决策树能够模拟研发项目的阶段性决策过程,考虑到多个离散型不确定性因素的相关性,模拟并计算出对决策路径依赖的现金流,因此能克服纯粹使用布莱克一舒尔斯公式的不足,在考虑多个不确定性因素的影响下,实现对多阶段R&D项目价值的评估,作出正确的投资决策。     

应用期权方法构建商业银行贷款利率模型

以分析公司普通股所具有的看涨期权特性为出发点，以Black—Scholes看涨期权定价模型为基础，根据不同企业资本结构和资产回报风险的差别，构造了一个商业银行基本贷款利率模型。从期权角度来设计贷款利率模型，除考虑了企业的经营风险因责外，还同时考虑了企业融资结构所带来的财务风险，能更加全面地反映出商业银行贷款的保障程度。     

档案信息的价值分析

经济信息从某种意义上说都体现为档案信息。从过程上看，档案信息的生产过程就是一个价值增值过程。马克思主义揭示了档案信息增值的合理内核。从使用价值的角度看，档案信息增值主要是在使用过程中的增值，效益定价是档案信息增值的关键原则。挡案信息的使用特点——裂变性、效应不定性扣稀缺性是决定档案信息增值的内在因素。档案信息资源与管理水平相互作用、相互促进。     

存货计价会计舞弊行为的审计

作为费用成本核算链上的重要一环——存货，是企业流动资产中占用比例最大、流动性最弱的项目。其种类繁多，收发频繁，经历采购、入库、保管、领发、使用等一些列生产经营过程，在企业滞留时间长，核算使用的账户多，内部流转和结算关系复杂，利用存货虚增资产、虚减税金、虚计损益的舞弊极易形成，而存货核算舞弊的手段之一便是利用存货计价的可选择性进行账户调节。因此，通过专门的审计方法与技巧来查找存货计价的舞弊原因与手段，对遏制会计信息失真有着重要意义。