改变中国命运的伟大战略决策(上)——论中国构建社会主义市场经济的改革

1978年改革开放以来,我国走上了一条由计划经济向社会主义市场经济的成功的体制转型之路.社会主义条件下,实行市场取向的改革,需要正确解读经典作家关于社会主义经济的论述:(1)单一公有制以生产力的高度发展为物质前提;(2)商品生产被消除以成熟的社会共同体形成为前提;(3)社会主义是分阶段演进的.党的十一届三中全会恢复实事求是的思想路线以来,我国经济理论界突破了长期束缚人们思维的传统社会主义经济理论,初步形成了社会主义市场经济理论.     

医疗卫生基本公共服务的城乡差距及均等化路径

当前,我国城乡之间的医疗卫生服务不均等已成为一个重要的社会问题。本文通过医疗卫生费用和医疗卫生资源的城乡数据分析得出城乡之间的医疗卫生公共服务差距巨大,并通过2000—2008年城乡医疗保健费用的泰尔指数分析,发现城乡组间对城乡医疗卫生公共服务差距的贡献基本上在80%以上,几乎是组内差距贡献的4倍,而从两组的内部差距来看,农村内部的不均等程度要稍高于城市内部的不均等程度,根据分析结果并从财政向农村医疗卫生的投入倾斜、城乡医疗保险制度的整合、医疗体制的深化改革等方面就如何促进医疗卫生公共服务城乡均等化进行探讨。     

Estimating exchange rate dynamics with diffusion processes: an application to Greek EMU data

Recently various exchange rate models capturing the dynamics during the transition from an exchange rate arrangement of floating rates into a currency union have been derived. Technically, these stochastic equilibrium models are diffusion processes which have to be estimated by discretely sampled observations. Using daily exchange rate data prior to the Greek EMU-entrance on 1 January 2001, we develop a rigorous estimation procedure. Our estimates point to an increasing interventionist economic policy in the run-up to the Greek EMU entrance. A comparison of this econometric indication with policy information provided (ex-post) by the Bank of Greece (BoG) in its Annual Report 2000 reveals that the BoG indeed pursued such an active policy stance (so-called institutional frontloading strategies).      

RAIFFEISEN AS SOCIAL INNOVATOR

In recent years the term social innovation has become widely used by policy makers, yet important ambiguities remain. One of these concerns what has been called the paradox of embedded agency – how social innovators conceive of something new when working with existing social institutions. So far few writers have considered whether historical examples can, with benefit of hindsight, shed light on the relationships between social innovators and social institutions. This paper considers the example of Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen, creator of rural credit unions and agricultural co‐operatives in 19th‐century Germany. Raiffeisen was a social conservative who worked in many ways within existing social institutions. At the same time, his desire to meet social needs drove him to create new forms of action and organization that resulted in social innovation. Raiffeisen's process of invention shows that social innovation, particularly in transitional eras like his, need not be a matter of using logical‐deductive processes to address a social need, but may depend critically on values, will, a readiness to experiment, and an ability to find allies. These qualities enabled Raiffeisen to break through existing institutions to do something fundamentally new, and they may be qualities that provide new focus for social‐innovation research and policy.     

我国高技术产业创新效率的制度贡献及其异质性

高技术产业创新为我国经济转型发展提供新动能,但其现存的低效率创新困局亟待破解。利用1997-2011年高技术产业面板数据,全面考察制度因素对高技术产业技术创新的影响,并就各个制度子因素对技术创新三阶段效率的贡献加以分析。结果显示,整体制度环境优化有利于创新效率提升,制度因素对不同阶段创新效率的贡献具有异质性;以企业为主体的科技创新体制对高技术产业创新效率的影响不显著,表明以企业为主体的创新体系有待进一步完善。最后提出继续深化市场化改革、优化整体制度环境、明确政府职能、真正确立企业创新主体地位等对策建议。     

异质机构持股、政府补贴与企业技术创新

机构投资者与政府补贴等优惠政策作为企业经营的重要资本来源和制度保障,势必对企业技术创新产生重要影响。以我国沪深两市战略性新兴上市企业2010-2015年面板数据为研究样本,对异质机构持股、政府补贴与企业技术创新的关系进行实证分析。结果发现：机构持股对企业技术创新没有显著影响,政府补贴可以促进机构持股对企业技术创新尤其是实质性技术创新产生显著正向影响;基金持股对企业技术创新存在显著负向影响,券商持股与QFII持股对企业技术创新分别存在不显著和显著正向影响;政府补贴能够降低基金持股对企业技术创新的负向影响,有效促进基金持股对企业技术创新的正向影响,并通过调节作用促进券商持股和QFII持股对企业技术创新产生更加显著的正向效应;政府补贴对基金持股与企业非实质性技术创新关系的正向调节作用更加显著,对券商持股和QFII持股与企业实质性技术创新关系的正向调节作用更加显著。     

Private enforcement,corruption, and antitrust design

We examine how the rationale for enabling versus precluding private antitrust enforcement depends on whether antitrust enforcement is corruption-free or plagued by corruption. Corruption in courts affects the incentives to bring forth private antitrust lawsuits. This, in turn, along with corruption in antitrust agency enforcement, alters the incentives to commit antitrust violations. The social welfare effect of enabling private antitrust enforcement in the presence of corruption depends on whether corrupt officials in the ensuing bribery contests favor a particular firm and if so which one and to what extent. Under some circumstances, corruption actually increases the social desirability of private antitrust enforcement relative to the no-corruption scenario. Our analysis highlights that the effects of a given legal arrangement for antitrust enforcement critically depend on the corruption environment and, thus, that the appropriate design of antitrust institutions is context-specific.     

家族企业创业导向与企业成长：社会情感财富与制度环境的调节作用

旨在研究家族企业创业导向对企业成长的影响,并探讨社会情感财富和制度环境在二者之间的调节作用。运用8个省份家族企业问卷调查数据进行分析检验,结果表明：①家族企业创业导向对企业成长具有显著正向影响;②社会情感财富不同对家族企业创业导向与企业成长关系的影响不同,家族控制正向调节家族企业创业导向与企业成长关系,家族代际传承意愿负向调节家族企业创业导向与企业成长关系,即随着家族控制意愿的增强或家族代际传承意愿的降低,家族企业创业导向对企业成长的影响增大;③制度环境正向调节家族企业创业导向与企业成长关系,即随着制度环境的改善,家族企业创业导向对企业成长的影响增大。     

转型社会政府审计战略定位:一个分析框架

中国经济发展过程是多元利益主体形成的过程,利益主体多元化促使政府职能转型.本文以市场经济下政府职能为分析的出发点,阐述了我国转型社会政府审计三层次战略定位,从而构建了一个转型社会政府审计战略定位的理论框架.