道路旅游运输经营管理体制关键问题的ISM分析

本文针对现有道路旅游运输经营管理体制问题研究的不足,以确定当前道路旅游运输经营管理体制中的关键性问题为目标,运用ISM技术,通过Delphi法,对当前道路旅游运输经营管理体制存在问题进行调查研究,得出当前在道路旅游运输经营管理体制中主要存在十个方面的问题,在此基础上建立了道路旅游运输经营管理体制存在问题的解释结构模型。模型阐述了各种存在问题的相互影响,揭示了存在问题之间的因果关系,确定了问题的影响程度及产生诸多问题的根本原因。结果表明,道路旅游运输经营管理体制关键问题是制度、机制不健全和车辆挂靠经营。本文的研究及结论不仅有利于管理部门和运输企业探索解决问题的对策和采取针对性的措施,也为交通运输管理问题的分析提供一种新的思路和方法。     

运输需求理论综述

运输需求是运输市场结构的重要组成部分之一,它与运输供给是辩证统一的关系。运输需求是产生运输供给的原因,运输需求必须要通过运输供给才能得以实现。本文主要是在前人研究的基础上对运输需求理论进行综述。     

面向多式联运的供应链管理模式研究

多式联运作为一种联合运输的方式,将不同的运输方式有机地组合在一起,构成连续的综合性的一体化货物运输。从系统论的角度分析多式联运既符合供应链管理的思想,亦具备供应链管理的特点,主要探讨了多式联运的供应链管理模式。     

徐州市物流企业发展甩挂式运输的研究

甩挂运输是一种高效能的运输组织模式。它带给物流企业的不仅仅是规模．在降低成本、提高效益上更显优势。在北美、西欧等发达国家,以牵引车拖挂半挂车组成的汽车列车运输方式占到运输总量的70％-80％。然而,徐州作为苏北最大的城市,交通四通八达,甩挂运输的发展却是步履维艰。个中缘由与国家政策息息相关,值得深究。     

区域物流经济影响因素的灰关联分析

应用灰关联分析法,对珠三角物流经济影响因素进行定量分析。选用全社会货运量来表征物流需求,对七个经济因素分析,再对结果进行排序,分析各个因素对珠三角物流需求的影响并提出建议,对珠三角物流科学发展具有一定借鉴意义。     

Outsourcing a satisfied and committed workforce: a trucking industry case study

The steady growth of R&;D costs and the increasingly widespread dissemination of information and communication technology over the past decade have resulted in the affirmation of the paradigm of open innovation, which consists in the continual expansion of access to sources of technological innovation outside the firm itself. Industrial companies are, in fact, turning more frequently to collaboration with university departments and other public and private research centers, and there is a notable increase in agreements regarding technological cooperation and the exchange of know-how between companies. In addition, recourse to highly specialized small research companies is on the rise. This is common, for example in the pharmaceutical sector and, more generally, in the area of biotechnological research. Furthermore, we are witnessing the development of the new role of innovation broker. These factors alter the traditional profile of company R&;D structures, within which the role of researchers and technologists often changes. In particular, matrix and network organizational models are on the increase, and the professional figures of ‘integrators of knowledge and expertise’ (T-men) are assuming major importance at the expense of traditional scientists. As a consequence, the model for training and managing scientific personnel tends to change. This model, as it moves away from the prevailing pattern adopted by firms in Anglophone countries, is continually drawing closer, even from a cultural standpoint, to the R&;D management approach found in the Japanese and German companies. The aim of this article is to investigate how the adoption of open innovation has changed the organizational structures of R&;D and altered the methods used in managing its personnel. The results of the study are based on the analysis of four case studies of Italian multinational firms operating in the pharmaceutical, food, specialty chemical, and aerospace industries.     

中国高速铁路路网规划研究

从国民经济、区域城镇一体化及可持续发展角度,论述发展高速铁路是中国经济社会又好又快发展的必然选择;在此基础上,介绍了中国高速铁路网规划战略目标、布局方案,并分析了中国发展高速铁路的环境条件。     

A strategic network choice model for global container flows: specification, estimation and application

Container flows have been booming for decades. Expectations for the 21st century are less certain due to changes in climate and energy policy, increasing congestion and increased mobility of production factors. This paper presents a strategic model for the movement of containers on a global scale in order to analyse possible shifts in future container transport demand and the impacts of transport policies thereon. The model predicts yearly container flows over the world’s shipping routes and passing through 437 container ports around the world, based on trade information to and from all countries, taking into account more than 800 maritime container liner services. The model includes import, export and transhipment flows of containers at ports, as well as hinterland flows. The model was calibrated against observed data and is able to reproduce port throughput statistics rather accurately. The paper also introduces a scenario analysis to understand the impact of future, uncertain developments in container flows on port throughput. The scenarios include the effects of slow steaming, an increase in land based shipping costs and an increased use of large scale infrastructures such as the Trans-Siberian rail line and the opening of Arctic shipping routes. These scenarios provide an indication of the uncertainty on the expected port throughputs, with a particular focus on the port of Rotterdam in the Netherlands.     

The relative importance of factors that influence the break-even distance of intermodal freight transport systems

The break-even distance of an intermodal freight system is a crucial piece of information for shippers as they decide whether to choose a specific freight transport system. It is also important for policy makers who want to demonstrate to shippers that the intermodal system is substantially more beneficial over a certain distance and encourage shippers to use it. However, the break-even distance is highly dependent on market situations. In other words, it is not possible to estimate the definitive break-even distance that is generally applicable. To date, the literature has addressed factors, including costs and distances, that impact the break-even distance without considering the relative importance of each of these factors. This study attempts to address this gap in knowledge by evaluating the relative importance of geometric and cost factors. The former includes drayage distances (i.e., pre- and post-haulage by trucks), truck-only distance, rail distance, the shape of the market area, and the terminal location, while the latter includes the drayage truck rate, the long-distance truck rate, the rail rate, and the terminal handling rate. Finally, by developing a Monte Carlo-based simulation model, the relative importance can be evaluated. The key finding is that the geometric factors and terminal handling costs are not more significant than the transport costs (i.e., rail costs and long-distance trucking costs) in general. Specifically, to shorten the break-even distance, either reducing the rail rate or increasing the truck rate is the most effective strategy. A 1% change in these factors is almost seven times, three times, and twice as effective as a 1% change in the handling costs at terminals, rail distance, and drayage cost, respectively. Furthermore, neither the oval-shaped market area nor a terminal relocation attracts customers to intermodal systems in general. When two options are combined, the synergic effect is significant.     

An analysis of the determinants of air traffic volume for European metropolitan areas

This paper examines the determinants of air traffic volume in the major European urban regions, highlighting those that depend on the metropolitan features of cities. We used homogeneous urban and airline data that make international comparisons possible. We found that GDP, the level of economic decision-power, tourism functions, and the distance from a major air market account for more than two-thirds of the variation in air service. This seems to indicate that air service remains profoundly rooted in the metropolitan features of urban regions (notably size and decision-power), even if low-cost airlines are probably less linked to the latter because they partly focus on niche markets and regional airports. Much of the remainder is probably attributable to the specificities of the urban economy, to actors’ strategies and to competition from high-speed trains.