基于SWOT的柳州铁路局客运市场分析

对柳州铁路局客运市场进行SWOT分析是确定其客运营销战略的前提和基础。文章运用SWOT分析法分析了柳州铁路局客运市场环境，得出了柳州铁路局客运面临的外部机会主要有旅游资源丰富、西部大开发、旅客运输市场不断扩大等；外部威胁为吸引区内经济不发达、其他交通方式发展迅速、旅客运输质量要求越来越高等；自身优势有发达的线路网、强大的信息网和完善的设施网支持，旅行速度较快，旅行更安全等；劣势为直通客车数量太少，主型客车不足，空调车运用非常紧张，从业人员服务意识不够强等。     

Road Transport Externalities

During the last decade much progress has been made in defining & measuring the external costs of transport. As the cost of tolling equipment falls, the set of realistic policy options to internalise these externalities will continue to grow. This will determine the research and policy agenda. We make three points. Firstly, empirical work is still necessary to better identify marginal external costs, including congestion, accident and environmental costs. Secondly, any assessment of policy options should treat externalities simultaneously. The use of pricing instruments and emissions standards are discussed within this framework. Thirdly, we emphasise the role of government. Designing the optimal road-pricing institutions requires consideration of horizontal and vertical tax competition, while double-dividend arguments are central to the question of securing public support.     

京津冀地区经济差距及财税政策调控研究

随着社会经济的全球化发展,区域经济一体化成为一种必然趋势,逐渐受到越来越多人的重视,但基于我国国情,各地区经济的不均衡发展也是无法避免的,经济差距过大会给区域经济的发展带来不良影响,进而制约我国社会经济的全面发展。本文通过对京津冀地区经济发展现状进行分析,详细阐述了造成三地经济差距的主要原因。在此基础上,本文通过财税政策对京津冀地区经济差距的影响的深入研究,并针对该区域的财税政策进行分析,提出了缩小京津冀地区经济差距的有效措施。     

城市交通能耗及碳排放测算研究

城市交通二氧化碳逐渐成为引起温室效应的主要元素之一,减少碳排放、降低能耗对实现可持续发展具有重要的意义。本文基于城市交通系统特征,建立一模型计算城市道路交通方式能源消耗和温室气体的排放,同时分析不同交通方式单位运输的人均碳排放,以城市主城区为例进行测算。     

Multiple Temporalities of Policy Circulation: Gradual,Repetitive and Delayed Processes of BRT Adoption in South African Cities

In 2006, bus rapid transit (BRT) swept across South African cities. Within three years of learning of the Bogotá model of BRT, Johannesburg's Rea Vaya opened, followed shortly by Cape Town's MyCiTi, while several other cities are at various stages of planning and implementation. This article traces the circulation of BRT across the South African urban context to expose the multiple and varied temporalities through which BRT came to appear as the only available solution. These earlier encounters, which include the first published discussion of BRT in South Africa in a 1973 conference report, study visits to Curitiba in the 1990s and a failed attempt to implement a Bogotá‐style BRT system in Cape Town in 2003, were instrumental in creating a fertile ground for later adoption practices. While it may appear as if circulated policies shorten the gestation time from policy introduction to policy adoption, these repeated attempts to implement circulated innovations ensure that the turnover only seems accelerated. This article unravels the story of BRT adoption, departing from the theoretical discussions of the policy circulation process as a rapid phenomenon, instead demonstrating that it is gradual, repetitive and at times delayed.     

对交通基本网的认识

交通基本网是交通网络的基础结构,它决定一国或地区交通运输发展的基本格局,在较长时期内保持相对稳定性.从功能结构、空间结构和时间结构认识和划分交通网络并识别交通基本网,对交通网规划具有十分重要的意义.对于一定区域的交通网规划,首先要识别交通基本网,其次要布局基本网,再次是要形成基本网的项目集,在交通建设时应优先建设属于基本网的项目.识别交通基本网应依据线路和节点的功能和地位去判断基本的交通需求.     

Trends in the technology and economics of air transport

The past half-century of developments in air transport are assessed and the current state of air technology and the economics of air transport assessed, particularly the trends since the 1973 ‘oil crisis’. The role of government in the industry in viewed as critical for its future health.     

Passengers,consumers, and travellers: The rise of passenger rights in EC transport law and its repercussions for Community consumer law and policy

EC transport law is set to be complemented by a series of Regulations giving rights to passengers for almost every mode of transport. These Regulations not only give transport law a distinct consumer dimension but also add new elements to European private law. This paper attempts to provide a horizontal, or intermodal, survey of these Regulations, adopted and proposed. It is argued that passenger law, although originating separately and remaining a sector distinct from other fields of law, has become part of a wider, three-stranded notion of European consumer policy deserving due attention as the force most dynamically expanding the area of Community law of contracts and of torts. The paper will point to the elements of consumer contract law and the law on travel and tourism related to passenger transport and elaborate on the basics for finding a common notion of the key terms like “passenger” and “damage” for Community law. It concludes with some points for further reflection.

航空客运收益管理中的渠道管理问题研究

传统的存量控制研究的解决方案是以直接面对最终顾客为前提的,没有将销售渠道的需求分布考虑在内,因而也就不能把分配给各个销售渠道的机票数量进行科学控制和优化。不同的销售渠道对同种类型机票的需求分布不同,并且给航空公司带来的最终收入不同,因此,随着联网售票系统的完善和电子商务的发展,如何更好地管理销售渠道,给那些能给航空公司带来更多收益的销售渠道预留足够的座位,已经成为航空公司不容忽视的问题。     

基于潮汐交通的可变车道分流带设置研究

为了提高潮汐交通道路的安全度,基于南京市虎踞路调查的交通数据,分析其潮汐交通特性,针对潮汐路段提出优化设计方案,在可变车道内,分析车辆的速度、道路宽度以及汽车转弯半径对分流带长度的影响,利用切函数与约束函数,设计一定长度的自动可移动式分流带。利用交通微观仿真平台vissim对实施协调控制后的结果进行仿真实验,结果表明控制后的车头间距增大,通行效率得到提高,安全度提高。