Brand expertise and perceived consistency reversals on vertical line extensions: The moderating role of extension direction

Vertical line extensions are a valuable growth strategy for many retail service sectors. Correctly positioning a new vertical line extension in the price/quality spectrum is an important decision that has considerable implications for bottom line profits. This paper examines the moderating role of extension direction on the effect of perceived consistency on vertical extension evaluations. In two studies, we show that a lack of perceived consistency acts as a reminder to consumers that the brand may be stretching beyond its expertise, increasing perceived performance and financial risks for upscale extensions but not for downscale extensions. As a consequence, higher consistency results in higher upscale extension favourability whereas evaluations of downscale extensions are similar regardless of their perceived consistency with the parent brand.     

Destabilizing effects of a successful stabilization: a forward-looking explanation of the second Hungarian hyperinflation

Summary. The extreme severity of the second Hungarian hyperinflation is argued to be related to the unusual way in which the inflation was eventually stabilized. The historical features of this episode are represented in a general equilibrium model, which incorporates a transition from one monetary regime to another. During the inflation the government finances a fixed deficit with seigniorage revenue. After the stabilization the government budget is balanced and the central bank engages in a program of subsidized lending to the private sector. Stabilization is achieved by targeting a low inflation rate path through adjustments in the quantity of central bank lending. I show that under this stabilization policy (1) the dynamic equilibrium path of the economy is indeterminate and (2) arbitrarily high pre-stabilization inflation rates are possible. Received: November 5, 1998; revised version: November 30, 1998     

对“十二五”期间文化建设中公共图书馆事业发展的几点思考

根据国家"十二五"规划中对文化建设方面的要求,尤其是对公共图书馆事业应在文化建设中起到的作用,分析目前图书馆发展的现状及问题,提出公共图书馆事业要坚持科学发展,建立、健全相关法律法规,进一步丰富、整合资源,继续贯彻免费开放政策,加强、加快信息资源共享,关注社会弱势群体,提升落后地区文化建设等措施与对策。     

中国东南半壁南北方地区人口空间分异格局及其影响因素

中国南北方地区发展不平衡问题凸显,人口南北空间分异现象引起了广泛关注。文章以1982—2020年5期人口普查数据为基础,采用泰尔指数、地理探测器等方法,探究中国东南半壁南北方地区人口空间分异格局及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)研究期内"南密北疏"的人口分布格局基本稳定,南方地区一直保持着人口规模和密度优势。(2)研究区人口分布的总体差异不断拉大,南北方地区内部差异的贡献占主导地位,其中南方地区内部差异比北方地区小,但上升幅度较大。(3)研究区人口具有向南迁移扩散的趋势,且人口密度变化的区域差异持续扩大,少部分区域人口快速增长,人口密度优势显著。(4)人口空间分异是自然环境和经济社会因素共同作用的结果,经济发展水平、创新能力和吸纳就业能力等是人口密度变化的主要因素,其中创新能力的影响作用不断增强。     

关于现行个人所得税税前扣除问题的探讨

综合考虑各方面因素，从纵向公平的角度，我国目前个人所得税800元的税前扣除标准不宜提高，可以通过扩大最低税率级距的办法对中等收入者进行照顾。从横向公平的角度，不宜实行不同地区不同税前扣除标准。对于已有工资薪金所得并已进行税前扣除的个人获得的劳务报酬、稿酬等应全额征税，不再进行税前费用扣除。     

一种悬置微带毫米波倍频器

用国产封装型GaAs高优植变容二极管设计制作了一个毫米波二倍频器。倍频电路采用屏蔽悬置微带线结构来实现,整个电路印制在一块0.127mm厚的RT-Duroid5880软基片上。该倍频器具有结构新颖、简单,腔体加工容易等特点。最大倍频效率为15.9％,输出频率在2GHz的范围内,倍频效率大于10％。同时,设计了一种新型的波导到悬置微带线过渡型式,其设计思想可供设计某些不同传输线间的过渡时参考。     

美国《国家出口战略》的地区与国别战略剖析

根据许多专家学者和政府官员的研究,1993年至今克林顿政府出台了十份指导美国出口的《国家出口战略》,作为报告主要内容之一的地区与国别战略主要包括新兴大市场战略、拉丁美洲战略和传统出口市场战略。报告实施十年来的成效体现在整个报告的绩效评估体系、预算拨款体系和对整个美国产业和贸易发展的影响上。     

京津城际铁路（客运专线）与区域经济社会发展研讨会概览

2010年9月26日,京津城际铁路（客运专线）与区域经济社会发展研讨会在北京交通大学科学会堂召开,与会专家学者以京津城际铁路为切入点,对高速铁路发展规划,高速铁路对经济研究前沿引领作用,京津城际铁路经济、科技、社会、旅游、文化、人力资源等效应进行了探讨,认为以京津城际为代表的客运专线建设具有显著的正外部效应,充分肯定了我国提速战略的重大理论和实践意义。     

Efficiency measurements and the gains from trade under transaction costs

The paper investigates the measurement of economic efficiency under transaction costs in a second best world. New measurements of technical efficiency, allocative efficiency, and price efficiency are proposed. They have three desirable properties. First, they measure efficiency loss in monetary units. Second, they are additive and can be conveniently summed into an overall efficiency measure. Third, they allow for transaction costs and their effects on prices and trade incentives. The paper investigates the welfare effects of technology choice, government pricing and trade policy, and market imperfections on efficiency. It provides new insights on the measurement of benefits from trade liberalization when trade affects not only price efficiency, but also technical and allocative efficiency.

论行业组织内部行政行为可诉性

现代行业组织是经济领域中解决"政府失灵"与"市场失灵"的一项必然选择。宪政的宗旨和目的是保障人权,任何组织和个人都不得有超越宪法和法律的特权,各种行政行为,包括内部行政行为都不能侵犯公民权益。