Future aircraft turnaround operations considering post-pandemic requirements

Air Transportation is a major contributor to international mobility and has high requirements to ensure safe and secure operations. Aircraft ground operations are impacted significantly by the current pandemic situation so that standard operating procedures need a redesign to incorporate the upcoming sanitation requirements. In particular, the passenger boarding process is challenged with requirements for physical distances between passengers, while in addition to standard cleaning, the cabin has to be disinfected after each flight. We evaluate potential alterations of these two aircraft cabin processes with respect to a pre-pandemic reference aircraft turnaround. The implementation of microscopic approaches allows to consider individual interactions and a step-wise process adaptation aiming for an efficient operational design. We find a significant extension of boarding times (more than doubled) if the physical distance rule is applied. The new disinfection process further extends the critical path of the turnaround, so we see a high impact on airport and airline operations. To compensate for the increased workload and process times, we provide an integrated cleaning and disinfection procedure with additional personnel. Our results indicate that the pre-pandemic turnaround times cannot be maintained for the same seat load, even if the process adaptations are being implemented. However, a seat allocation scheme with empty middle-seats (seat load of 67%) and the use of an apron position (additional use of rear aircraft door for boarding) enable pre-pandemic turnaround times without additional cleaning personnel. Aircraft turnarounds at terminal positions require between 10% (with additional personnel) and 20% (without additional personnel) more ground time.     

Living “up in the air”: Meeting the frequent flyer passenger

This paper uses a large database of approximately 37,000 passengers and three different estimates to analyse the characteristics of the frequent flyer and the differences between frequent flyers and occasional flyers. The results show that frequent flyers are middle-aged men with a high level of education who take domestic flights for business reasons at both hub and regional airports, where they make a purchase and/or consume F&B. Frequent flyers fly on both low-cost and traditional airlines, are more likely to stay overnight at a relative's or friend's home and travel to the airport by private or rented car.     

Performance evaluation of China's air routes based on network data envelopment analysis approach

Air routes are among the most important elements of civil aviation transport. Airlines' operations are mainly dependent on the structure and layout of air routes. This paper first divides the production process of air routes into two stages, allocation and transport, based on air route operational characteristics. Then, two network data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are proposed to analyze the efficiency of the system, allocation, passenger transport, and freight transport of 477 air routes. The research result demonstrates that the different constraints on intermediate measure in the network DEA models do affect the air routes’ efficiency significantly; Most air routes have high allocation efficiency and passenger transport efficiency, while they have low freight transport efficiency. Furthermore, the efficiencies of 82 airports are also analyzed after aggregating the efficiencies of the air routes.     

Psychoneurobiochemistry of tourism marketing

This study offers a unique approach to consumer/tourist behaviour called psychoneurobiochemistry and aims to explore the possible and potential influences of psychoneurobiochemical factors on tourism marketing. The study with a multidisciplinary approach analyzes and syntheses the psychological, neurological, biological and chemical research findings in terms of their implications for tourism marketing. The study particularly looks at neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine; melatonin hormone; photoperiod and circadian rhythm and emotions.     

人本主义心理学对幼儿园教师管理的启示

人本主义心理学是20世纪五六十年代兴起的一种心理学思潮,研究的主题是人的本性及其与社会生活的关系。从人人都有存在和发展的需要出发,认为人人都要发展和完善自己,强调人的尊严和价值,建立起以人为中心的"人本主义"心理学、教育学方法论。人本主义心理学在幼儿园教师管理上的以人为本就是幼儿园管理必须要以师为本,尊重教师,发展教师,切实提高幼儿园管理的有效性。     

共建企业的“心理契约”

共建企业的＂心理契约＂是一个充分发挥企业员工积极性、创造性与智慧的过程,是保证员工产出高水平的内激力和承诺的过程,它是推动企业健康快速发展的强大动力。共建企业＂心理契约＂,必须以科学的职业生涯管理为前提,必须深入贯彻＂以人为本＂理念,必须加强企业文化建设。     

铁路客运站春运时期临时候车室面积研究

我国铁路客运站在春运时期为增强候车室的服务能力,一般是在站前广场搭建临时候车室,为了减少对站前广场能力的占用,确定需要的临时候车室面积,在分析候车室面积影响因素的基础上,研究临时候车室需要面积的计算模型,并分析和界定了模型参数的取值范围,最后通过对成都北站2010年春运时期临时候车室面积的计算实例,说明模型的有效性和准确性。     

Boat or airplane? Passengers’ perceptions of transport services to islands. The example of the Greek domestic leisure market

Tourism is often the main economic activity of islands, making transport services vital. Recent research indicates that direct competition between air and sea transport tends to increase for the leisure market segment. This paper looks into the characteristics and perceptions of leisure passengers in an effort to identify the effect they have on modal choice. By examining the Greek Aegean region as a case study, the findings identify differences in passenger perceptions, which can influence modal choice and competition.     

效用函数与投资者交易行为分析

本文从效用函数与投资者风险态度之间的关系出发,分析了在凹效用函数下的“风险厌恶型”投资者所特有的交分心理和交易行为,同时也阐述了为克服不良交易心理、避免不当交易行为而应采用的交易纪律和交易方法。     

Intermodal competition in the London-Paris passenger market: High-Speed Rail and air transport

This paper studies inter- and intramodal competition in the London-Paris passenger market during the period 2003-2009. We identify the degree to and conditions under which High-Speed Rail is a viable substitute for airline travel. Using pooled cross-sectional data we estimate multinomial and mixed logit models to examine actual travel behaviour. Our model allows us to analyse the reaction of passenger behaviour on the withdrawal of aviation alternatives and the completion of the High-Speed Rail link between the two cities in November 2007. The results show that travel time and frequency are the main determinants of travel behaviour. The valuation of total travel times changes over the years following the opening of the High-Speed Rail link. Furthermore, we show that the direct elasticity of market share with respect to frequency for a number of aviation alternatives is above 1, indicating that these alternatives are not able to maximise profits. These alternatives subsequently left the market in our sample period. For the remaining aviation alternatives, except for easyJet, we find elasticities of market share with respect to frequency close to 1. Therefore, we conjecture that competition in this market will decline in the long run.