受众心理与广告定位策略

广告定位是针对受众的，通过分析受众心理，我们便可以找出相应的广告定位策略，从而达到意想不到的效果。     

基于遗传算法的客运站到发线优化安排

合理安排列车占用到发线计划是编制阶段计划的关键。建立的客运站到发线运用模型是非线性的整数规划模型,直接求解较为困难,为此采用遗传算法通过交叉变异等操作,构建车站到发线运用的染色体结构和适应度函数,并进行遗传算子设计,可取得较优的结果。以成都站为例,运用模型计算生成到发线运用计划,说明其结果优化效果明显。     

The Economic and Environmental Consequences of Automobile Lifetime Extension and Fuel Economy Improvement: Japan's Case

The presenft paper develops a structural decomposition analysis with cumulative product lifetime distributions to estimate the effects of both product lifetime shifts and energy efficiency changes on the embodied energy consumptions. The empirical analysis focuses on automobile use (ordinary passenger vehicles, small passenger vehicles, and light passenger vehicles) in Japan during the period 1990–2000. It reveals that the lifetime extension of existing old vehicles during the study period was more beneficial to the environment than purchasing new passenger vehicles with a relatively high fuel economy, because the lifetime extension empirically contributed to reducing the embodied energy consumption at the production and end-use stages. We also found that the energy-saving impact of a one-year lifetime extension was approximately 1.3 times larger than that of the most significant technological improvement in the electric power generation sector.     

Challenges for ground operations arising from aircraft concepts using alternative energy

Current research in the field of future aircraft concepts aims at accommodating ambitious reduction goals set by national and international regulators. These concepts should be investigated not only with regard to aircraft efficiency, but also in terms of their compatibility with airline operations, existing ground handling procedures and airport infrastructure requirements, as these influence the overall performance of a future aircraft concept. This paper addresses this aspect, focusing on case studies concerning hybrid-electric and universally-electric aircraft concepts, analyzing implications for current ground handling operations at the airport. Current bottlenecks, such as capacity shortages, and potential areas of improvement are identified based on a state-of-the-art reference ground handling process. To this end, requirements of different stakeholders, including airports, airlines and ground handling providers, are outlined. In the next step, insights are contrasted with operational requirements of the future aircraft concepts under consideration. The paper stresses the anticipated challenges involved in aligning future aircraft requirements with current procedures, discusses the necessary adaptions to operational processes. The results highlight changes that need to be made to the current system before an aircraft can enter service, and provide an initial basis for the strategic planning of the stakeholders involved.     

The Optimism Cycle: Sell in May

Summary  On average, stocks deliver close to zero returns from May through October. We hypothesize that this seasonal pattern is caused by an optimism cycle. With year end approaching, investors start to look towards next year, often with overly optimistic expectations. Several months into the year, the initial optimism becomes hard to maintain and the stock market experiences a summer lull. A global sector-rotation strategy based on this theory appears to be highly profitable. Global earnings growth revisions follow a seasonal pattern parallel to that of the stock market. Investors’ optimism as measured by the initial returns on IPOs almost completely captures the results of the sector-rotation strategy in a separate analysis for the US stock market. All these findings support the optimism-cycle hypothesis. The author is grateful to Steef Bergakker for all the useful discussions about market dynamics through the years, which have contributed to the theory that an optimism cycle might exist. Special thanks go to Marno Verbeek for his very helpful suggestions. This paper also benefited from the remarks and suggestions from two anonymous referees.     

试论研究性学习的心理学教育学基础

研究性学习需要理性的引领。卢梭的自然主义教育观是研究性学习的思想基础;杜威的"五步教学法"使研究性学习从观念层面走向实践层面;罗杰斯的人本主义理论为研究性学习指明了出发点和归宿;布鲁纳的结构主义理论为研究性学习提供了所有的形式;苏霍姆林斯基的"让学生进行独立的脑力劳动"的观点揭示了研究性学习的本质内涵。     

城市街道被动休闲空间的研究

本文提出了被动休闲的概念,通过对城市街道的分析,得出了城市街道被动休闲空间的设计原则和如何营造城市街道被动休闲空间,以达到为人们的被动休闲提供一个更好的空间。     

A comparison of alternative technologies to de-carbonize Canada's passenger transportation sector

Using a full systems model of Canada's economy, six alternative scenarios to de-carbonize the personal passenger vehicle fleet are compared to a business as usual non de-carbonized scenario in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, trade disposition of energy commodities, and the physical resources required for energy production. Three scenarios are analyzed to compare the impacts of increasing either ethanol 85, hydrogen, or electricity powered vehicles into the vehicle fleet, with each starting to penetrate the light vehicle stock in 2010 to reach 100% of the new vehicle market by 2050. For each of these three scenarios, we then construct a variant scenario that considers the additional effects of de-carbonizing electricity production. With a de-carbonized electricity sector, net emission reductions are 29% for ethanol 85, and 31% for both hydrogen and electricity. When considering the transportation sector only, net emission reductions equal 13% for ethanol 85, and 14% for hydrogen and electricity. However, although the ethanol scenario results in the lowest reduction in total emissions, it has significant impacts on other parts of the physical resource base. By the time ethanol reaches 5% of the fuel mix in 2015, domestic consumption of grains increases by 20%, in turn impacting crop trade disposition. At this point, emissions are reduced by less than 0.5%, owing to the fossil fuels required since most ethanol is still grain based. By 2050 it is projected that almost all ethanol will be cellulose based, generating a more significant emission reduction but in turn requiring potentially unsustainable amounts of crop residue.     

William James's psychological pragmatism: habit, belief and purposive human behaviour

Modern institutional economists look to pragmatism for: (1)an evolutionary philosophy of knowledge; and (2) a foundationof a theory of human nature. These two elements are combinedin William James, who was both a philosopher of pragmatism anda pioneering experimental psychologist. The author shows firsthow William James added psychological depth to the pragmatictradition as it was left by C. S. Peirce, and offers a reconciliationof their respective theories of truth. The second part of theessay explores James's views on psychology, concentrating onthe relation to pragmatic philosophy and the question of habit.The last section compares this to human nature as seen in modernevolutionary biology, in brain science and in the philosophyof rationality in the social sciences.     

论铁路旅客伤亡事故的赔偿责任

7·23铁路动车组列车特别重大事故发生后,伤亡旅客的赔偿标准成为人们争议的焦点。针对赔偿数额的法律依据,在上位法缺失的情况下,限额赔偿制度的合法性等问题,从旅客伤亡赔偿责任的性质入手,分析探讨旅客伤亡赔偿责任的法律适用条款,并就7·23事故赔偿标准的合法性进行解读,提出对铁路部门的警示,从而有效推进铁路法律、法规的修改和完善。