组织政治知觉的研究溯源、现状述评与前沿探析

组织政治知觉作为员工对上司和同事在组织中自利行为的评价,已被证实会对员工的态度、行为产生重要影响。关注相关研究有助于加深对组织政治知觉的认识和理解,并推动具有独特政治文化特征的中国情境的理论研究和实践发展。鉴于此,文章追溯了组织政治知觉研究的起源;梳理了研究脉络;介绍了多维研究视角及相关基础理论;从前因、结果和中间变量三个方面回顾了实证研究现状,勾勒出关系模型;识别了研究前沿和新趋势;总结了研究不足并提出了未来研究方向。     

古村落居民环境感知的性别差异研究及启示——以余姚市柿林古村为例

运用环境感知法,从自然、经济、社会、旅游四个方面对柿林古村的男女性的感知进行了对比分析．结果发现：1．男女性在自然环境感知上没有明显差异;2．女性比男性更容易正面感知经济生活环境的改善;3．男女性在社会环境的感知上并无明显差异;4．女性比男性更容易正面感知游客行为和旅游开发。男女第三性征差异及由此带来的参与程度的不一致影响了男女在经济和旅游环境的感知．但从总体上而言,旅游对古村落目前的影响不大,村民对旅游开发仍旧持支持态度．最后,针对不同的性别人群提出了今后引导的相关建议．旅游规模扩大带来的家庭收入结构变化对古村落社会结构、家庭结构的影响将是后续研究的关注点。     

复杂山区铁路客运站自动选址研究

无备选站址条件下的客运站自动选址是线站协同优化的前提和基础,而不局限于车站选址的代价最小化,同时考虑连接车站间区间线路的代价具有重要意义。构建复杂山区铁路客运站自动选址模型,首先,建立综合地理信息模型,基于线站一体化的设计理念,实现单个车站选址,确定站心位置及站坪方向;其次,以公路线形优化模型的改进算法完成站—站间自动选线设计;最后,将车站选址代价与区间线路代价紧密结合起来,计算综合代价,实现站址方案的优选。以山区铁路为例对该方法进行验证,结果表明,该方法能高效生成山区铁路车站方案集,并辅助设计人员进行方案优化。     

Are consumers' perceptions of price–quality relationships well calibrated?

Past research has shown that, to varying degrees, consumers tend to believe price is an indicator of quality, even though there is in fact often very little correlation between objective measures of price and quality (PQ). Moreover, consumers have been observed to be poorly calibrated in their knowledge of precisely which categories exhibit the strongest association between PQ for products. Given the profound changes that have occurred in consumer markets, such as the rise of the Internet and the flood of product quality information now readily available online, the present work seeks to update this line of research. Specifically, it seeks to determine if changes in the marketplace have affected (1) consumers' perceptions of the PQ relationship; and (2) consumers' PQ calibration. Data from two sources were collected and compared: (1) Subjective ratings of the PQ relation for various common products, collected using a questionnaire format in a survey of 313 US consumers; and (2) Objective estimates of the actual PQ association of the same products, gathered from independent third‐party information providers who report both prices and rank‐ordered quality measures for each. Results indicate that consumers today (1) continue to perceive a modest positive relationship between PQ (more so for durables, less for non‐durables); and (2) are modestly calibrated for durable products. But they are much less well calibrated in the realm of non‐durables, where consumers expect a positive link between price and quality in precisely those product categories in which the relationship is actually negative. Relative to past research, the calibration of consumers has apparently ‘flipped’ from non‐durables to durables today. Potential explanations for this result include (1) the rise of the Internet as an information source for quality ratings of durables; (2) a higher level of perceived risk for durable goods purchases; (3) a greater tendency for durables to exhibit a positive correlation between actual quality and price; and (4) the rising quality level of private label brands, which may render prior price–quality perceptions for non‐durables outdated or obsolete.     

Economists' perceptions versus managers' decisions: an experiment in transaction-cost analysis

Are the perceptions of professional economists on transactioncosts consistent with make-or-buy decisions made within firms?The answer may have important implications for transaction costresearch. Data on firms' outsourcing during the new productdevelopment process are taken from a large-scale survey of UK,German and Irish manufacturing plants, and we test the consistencyof these outsourcing decisions with the predictions derivedfrom the transaction cost perceptions of a panel of economists.Little consistency is evident between actual outsourcing patternsand the predictions of the (Williamsonian) transactions costmodel derived from the panel of economists. There is, however,evidence of a systematic pattern to the differences, suggestingthat a competence or resource-based approach may be relevantto understanding firm outsourcing, and that firms are adoptinga strategic approach to managing their external relationships.     

Anglo versus Hispanic Children's Influence on Parental Purchase of Cereal

Children's influence on parental purchases of cereal was investigated by unobtrusively observing 15 pair of Anglo and 15 pair of Hispanic children and their parent(s) in the cereal aisle of Allentown, Pennsylvania grocery stores. Tabulation was kept on whether the child did or did not influence the purchase behavior of their parent(s). It was found that overall, children had a statistically significant influence on their parents' purchase behavior (p < .01). Although a percentage difference existed, there was no statistically significant difference between the Anglo children's influence and the Hispanic children's influence on their parents' purchasing behavior of cereal (p < .05).