News on inflation and the epidemiology of inflation expectations in China

Inflation expectations are important elements in monetary policy analysis. This paper examines how inflation expectations of Chinese consumers and professional forecasters are affected by media sentiments based on the epidemiological foundations of the sticky information model. Rather than assuming professional forecasts are identical to newspaper forecasts, we assume news media are a common source for the transmission of typical people's inflation expectations. We collect media data from 30 leading newspapers and magazines in China and code news reports into three types of inflation: rising, falling, and unchanged. More importantly, we categorize the media pool into comprehensive, economic, and politically oriented media sources. We find a fundamental connection between news media and inflation expectations. However, there are significantly different impacts of news reports in different media sources on expectations. The difference is mainly concentrated in politically oriented media sources, and may be a reflection of China's unique media administration system.     

金融信贷与房地产价格关系分析——基于上海市实证研究

随着我国房价快速上涨,金融信贷规模进一步扩张,如何对房价进行调控,维护金融稳定成为亟需解决的问题.论文利用上海市2008年1月至2012年12月的月度数据,采用协整分析技术和向量误差修正模型方法对上海市金融信贷规模与房地产价格之间关系进行实证研究,避免了以往利用全国数据进行研究时固有的区域差异问题.上海市作为我国经济发展最发达的城市,其房地产市场、金融市场最具有代表性,研究结果也更具前瞻性.研究结果表明金融信贷规模与房地产价格从长期来看互为负向反馈作用,而在短期中,二者表现出正向反馈的推动作用.     

SECTORS MAY USE MULTIPLE TECHNOLOGIES SIMULTANEOUSLY: THE RECTANGULAR CHOICE-OF-TECHNOLOGY MODEL WITH BINDING FACTOR CONSTRAINTS

We develop the rectangular choice-of-technology model with factor constraints, or RCOT, a linear programming input–output model for analysis of the economy of a single region. It allows for one or more sectors to operate more than one technology simultaneously, with the relatively lowest-cost one supplemented by others if it encounters a binding factor constraint. The RCOT model solves for sector outputs, goods prices that are set by the highest-cost technologies in use, and scarcity rents that correspond to binding factor constraints experienced by the lower-cost technologies. The model is motivated by the fact that mineral deposits of different qualities may be exploited simultaneously, as may primary and recycled sources for the same materials or irrigated and rain-fed techniques for producing the same crop. RCOT generalizes Carter's square choice-of-technology model, in particular adding the factor constraints that allow several alternatives to operate simultaneously. The Appendix gives a numerical example.     

货币政策中资产价格的作用及其传导机制

货币政策通过股票价格、房地产价格和汇率影响公司和家庭的投资和消费决策,并最终影响经济。假定资产价格对货币传导会产生作用,中央银行可以使用这些资产价格作为货币政策目标。但是,尽管资产价格在货币政策管理中的重要性,中央银行以资产价格为货币政策目标也可能会导致更坏的经济后果并可能侵蚀中央银行独立性。     

收入差距、房价与消费变动——基于面板数据联立方程模型的分析

正确理清收入差距与房地产价格的关系,探知其对消费的影响,是实现我国扩大内需战略所面临的重要问题。本文基于我国的2000-2008年31个省、市(自治区)的面板数据,构造联立方程模型,深入探讨了收入差距、房地产价格与消费的关系,结果发现,收入差距与房价之间存在着正向的互动关系,但是对消费的影响却呈现出一定的区域差异,在东中部地区,收入差距与房价之间这种相互强化的关系,使得代表消费主体的广大中低收入群体的住房负担加重,不得不减少消费。但是在西部地区,由于住房负担相对较轻,能正向发挥财富效应,所以收入差距与房价之间的互动影响,反而促进了消费。这种差异正好折射出我国区域经济发展的不平衡性。因此,有必要通过对收入分配的合理调整,实施稳健的货币政策和有效的住房保障政策来科学调控房价,进而切实促进消费。     

Lessons learned from the national household food acquisition and purchase survey in the United States

The National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey conducted in 2012 (FoodAPS-1) was an ambitious survey of Americans’ food acquisitions sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The survey was challenging due to its goals of collecting comprehensive acquisition information and including data from extant sources to broaden the survey’s research capabilities. Some challenges were foreseen, and efforts were taken to overcome them through survey design features. Other challenges came as a surprise. This paper shares the experiences of the authors and others at USDA with survey design, survey implementation, and post-survey processing of data to ensure the availability of high-quality data to the research community. Lessons from FoodAPS-1 can inform similar future data collections both in the U.S. and abroad.     

A note on the statistical verification of Marx: comment on Cockshott and Cottrell

This Note questions the statistical validity of the analysesof the relationship between the rate of profit and the organiccomposition across industries.     

中国主导产业的变化与技术升级

本文通过拓展列昂惕夫天际图分析方法,分析经济增长和产业结构、贸易结构这三者之间的关联,进而聚焦主导产业的中间投入品进口贸易的变化,并分析主导产业对外技术依存的变化。在此分析框架下,本文利用1992~2005年的可比价投入产出表数据进行实证研究,结果表明,出口是分析期内所有主导产业增长的主要拉动力;虽然主导产业带动的经济增长促进产业结构和出口贸易结构向高加工度化升级,但在一部分主导产业的发展过程中,国外生产技术的溢出效应尚未充分显现。     

短期内机构投资者行为和股票价格的互作分析

研究短期内机构投资者行为与不同规模公司股价的相互影响.在机构投资者对股价的影响方面,阐释并论证了机构持股比例增量与当日股价的正相关关系,指出机构对大盘股的影响强于对小盘股的影响.机构资金流入(流出)的定性信息本身对股价上升(下降)有额外的促进作用;相对于撤资而言,股价对机构的注资行为更敏感;而对小盘股,该不对称性更加明显.此外,当日收益率和前三天内的机构资金流入存在负相关关系,且该种负关系在大盘股中的表现比在小盘股中更为明显.在股价对机构投资者行为的反馈作用方面,以实证结果阐明了股价上升(下降)的信息本身可对机构行为有缓冲作用,且该作用对小盘股影响大于对大盘股的影响.研究显示,在短期内机构更倾向于动量交易,这在小盘股中尤为明显.三天前收益率对当日机构行为的影响颇为明显,且与一天前的收益率的影响力相当;相对而言,两天前收益率对机构行为的影响不甚明显.     

融资成本、房地产价格波动与货币政策传导

本文建立一个带有房地产市场的多部门DSGE模型,同时在模型中引入带有金融摩擦的银行部门,研究货币政策影响房地产价格的传导机制,以及降低社会融资成本的政策对房地产市场中金融加速器效应的影响。数值模拟结果显示:(1)当社会融资成本较高时,降低利率的货币政策冲击使得房地产价格显著上升;(2)政府降低社会融资成本,能够明显地弱化房地产市场的金融加速器效应;(3)央行采取盯住房地产价格波动的货币政策,能够改善社会福利,但是政策效果会因社会融资成本的降低而削弱。