企业异质性、地理距离与中国出口产品价格的空间分布

新一新贸易理论对企业异质性内涵有两类阐述,一类是企业生产效率（efficiency）的差异性,一类是企业产品品质（quality）的差异性;这意味着不同的出口产品价格（fob价格）空间分布特点,前者认为出口产品价格随着地理距离增加而减少,后者相反。本文利用中国对各国HS92版本六分位出口数据进行了经验分析,发现中国出口产品价格随着地理距离增加而减少;这说明中国出口企业实行低价竞销策略;改变中国企业的竞争策略成为中国出口贸易可持续发展的微观基础。     

Consumption and time in economics: prices and quantities in a temporary equilibrium perspective

The main tenet of the paper is that cost-plus non-competitiveprices, while obviously set by firms according to expected marketdemand for their output, can be assumed to be independent ofpossible discrepancies between the expected and the actual demandfor firms' output. The analysis is placed within Hicks's temporaryequilibrium framework, though suggesting an explanation of demandtotally different from Hicks's. It is argued that the rationalefor the independence of prices from actual sales might be foundin Gossen's notion of optimum frequency of consumption.     

美国量化宽松政策对新兴经济体股票市场价格的影响

2008年金融危机后美国采取量化宽松货币政策造成大量流动性进入新兴经济体股票市场。通过建立面板VAR模型,运用脉冲响应函数和方差分解技术分析了美国货币供应M1、股票市场以及联邦基金利率透过汇率、利率和预期方式对新兴经济体股票市场价格指数产生的影响。结果表明,美国量化宽松货币政策对新兴经济体股票市场价格具有正向溢出效应,利率渠道影响效果显著。     

城市房价、住房产权与主观幸福感

本文利用大型微观数据库CGSS2006,首次对城市住房价格、住房产权和城市居民主观幸福感之间的关系进行实证分析。研究发现:(1)城市房价上涨程度对居民幸福感具有显著的负面影响,房价上涨越快,民众主观幸福感越低;(2)住房产权状况和幸福感显著相关,仅有一套房产者和多房者幸福感显著高于租房者,多房者幸福感显著高于仅有一套房产者;(3)房价上涨对租房者幸福感具有显著负效应,对多房者和仅有一套房产者的幸福感带来显著正向效应,且对多房者幸福感的正向效应显著高于仅有一套房产者;(4)住房质量显著影响居民主观幸福感。这些发现具有重要的现实政策意义。     

棚户区改造、非常规货币政策与房地产价格

本文基于2002年1月-2018年3月的时间序列数据,采用TVP-SVAR模型实证检验了棚户区改造背景下非常规货币政策对房地产价格的影响及其机制。研究发现:2013年之后,常规货币政策数量型工具对房地产价格的影响基本是失效的,非常规货币政策中的抵押补充贷款逐渐取代M2成为影响房地产价格的主要货币政策工具;从政策效果来看,虽然抵押补充贷款是房地产价格短期上涨的主要因素,但其长期影响并不明显;从影响机制来看,抵押补充贷款不仅能够直接影响房地产价格,还能够通过降低实际利率间接地影响房地产价格;分城市来看,抵押补充贷款对大城市的影响是非结构性的,但对中等城市的影响是结构性的,意味着通过抵押补充贷款支持棚户区改造的做法很可能导致中等城市房地产市场蕴含更大的价格波动风险。本文的研究加深了对非常规货币政策与房地产价格关系的理解,从而能够为棚户区改造与维护房地产市场平稳健康发展提供有益的政策启示。     

Changes in trade and domestic distortions affecting China’s agriculture

This paper assesses the implications of China’s trade and domestic policies for incentives to producers in China. It uses a price comparison methodology (nominal rates of assistance—at the border and the farmgate), with adjustments for exchange rate distortions in the first part of the sample period (1981–1994). On average, distortions to agricultural incentives have been reduced. In the early 1980s, on average, China’s domestic prices were far below international prices. There were substantial variations, however, between imported (which were being protected) and exported goods. During the 1980s and 1990s the gap between domestic and international prices for both imports and exports narrowed initially mainly due to the elimination of domestic policy distortions. Between the mid-1990s and 2004, trade liberalization policy furthered narrowed the gap between world and China farmgate prices. By the mid-2000s, China’s agriculture was operating with only small price distortions.     

Exchange Rate and Inflation Dynamics in a Resource Rich Setting: The Case of Zambia

This paper investigates the relationship between copper prices, the exchange rate and consumer price inflation in Zambia using a structural vector autoregression with quarterly data for 1995–2014 and a combination of sign and zero restrictions to identify relevant global and domestic shocks. The paper makes two contributions. First, it provides new measures of exchange rate pass through (ERPT), based on less restrictive assumptions than previous estimates, to show how changes in the value of the kwacha are reflected in changes in consumer prices (distinguishing food and non‐food inflation). Second, the ERPT is disaggregated to demonstrate that measured ERPT depends on the nature of the shock, with implications for policy responses. Although the price of copper is the most important driver of the exchange rate, the fluctuations it caused are associated with a low pass‐through of about 7% (consistent with a period of relatively low inflation). Exchange rate fluctuations caused by monetary shocks, in contrast, come with a pass‐through of up to 25% (and even more for food prices). A fast response by monetary authorities can mitigate the adverse effects of exchange rate shocks.     

人民币汇率变化与我国房价波动-动动态传导机制与经验数据

目前汇率与房价之间关系的研究还不多。本文梳理了汇率变化对房价波动的传导机制,构建了汇率变化与房价波动的动态理论模型,进一步论述了汇率与房价的相互关系。在此基础上,引入利率、货币供应量等宏观指标,通过构造MVGARCH-BEKK模型和变参数模型,实证检验了我国汇率变化与房价波动的相互关系,结果发现:在房价上涨期间,汇率对房价增速的影响远超过利率和M2对房价增速的影响,这可能间接说明了国外资本或国内准备投资国外的资本,对国内房价增长产生了显著的“助推剂”作用。     

中国房价持续"走高"的原因分析

中国很多城市的住房价格在过去的几年里持续飙升,引起诸多方面的关注,存在许多不同的解释.文章分析影响住房价格的种种原因和可能,认为中国城市住房价格上升的主要原因是房地产开发的资金运作模式.由于绝大多数开发商的资金运作是滚动式开发,预售制是其保障.金融上,房地产资金的滚动式开发需要不断上升的房价作为其资金保证.也就是说,开发商一定要让房价不断上涨,才能极大地促使广大消费者"争先恐后"地"先付款,后提货"式地购房,以保持其资金流的顺畅.由于预售制在过去近十年来为中国城市发展和房地产业经济做出了巨大的贡献,如经济增长、就业、投资等,这极大地增加了中央在房地产市场宏观调控方面的难度.总之,解铃还需系铃人,预售制既推动了房地产的发展,也是城市房价上升的根源,解决城市房价上升还需从房地产开发的融资机制入手.     

住宅价格与经济基本面:1995-2002年中国14城市的实证研究

本文利用 1 995— 2 0 0 2年我国 1 4城市的中房住宅价格指数与宏观经济基本面相关变量的平行数据 ,运用混合样本回归以及添加城市、年度哑变量等分析方法 ,对住宅价格与经济基本面的关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明 ,1 4城市经济基本面的当前信息或历史信息都可以部分解释住宅价格水平或者变化率 ,我国住宅市场并不符合有效市场假说。经济基本面对住宅价格水平的解释模型存在着显著的城市影响特征 ,1 998年后经济基本面对住宅价格的解释能力发生了显著的变化 ,且这种变化在 2 0 0 1— 2 0 0 2年间尤其明显。近年来各城市住宅价格的增长已经无法很好地用经济基本面和住宅价格的历史信息来解释 ,必须引起政府和行业的足够重视。