Social exchange: Empirical examination of form and focus

We investigate similarities and differences among prominent types of social exchange (psychological contract fulfillment, perceived organizational support, trust in the organization, leader-member exchange, and trust in the supervisor) and propose that two higher-order factors represent social exchanges with the organization and with the supervisor. We investigate their prediction of important employee work attitudes, citizenship behaviors, and performance. Based on data from 448 employees, empirical tests support the existence of organization- and supervisor-directed social exchanges. Tests using structural equation modeling support unique predictions of attitudinal and behavioral work outcomes.     

The Assimilative and Contrastive Effects of Word-of-Mouth Volume: An Experimental Examination of Online Consumer Ratings

The popularity of online rate-and-review websites has increased the importance of word-of-mouth (WOM) volume (number of ratings) yet the retail literature has not paid adequate attention to understanding its impact. This paper highlights WOM volume as a high-scope, decision-making cue upon which the influence of other WOM-relevant characteristics on a WOM message's persuability depends. We begin, via a pretest, by demonstrating the intuitive expectation that high volume, relative to low volume, accentuates or assimilates perceptions of positivity or negativity of WOM targets. Then, through two experimental studies, we show that depending upon how high volume interacts with WOM consensus and consumer decision precommitment, it can contrast preference away from the valence of a target also. In our third and final experimental study, we demonstrate that consumers differ in their susceptibility to the influence of high volume. Those with a higher desire to be different from others, compared to those with a higher desire to be similar, are resistant to high volume's assimilative sway and do not show the valence-accentuating effects demonstrated in the pretest. Retail managers and researchers should find these insights about the different roles of WOM volume beneficial.     

Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media

Traditionally, consumers used the Internet to simply expend content: they read it, they watched it, and they used it to buy products and services. Increasingly, however, consumers are utilizing platforms—such as content sharing sites, blogs, social networking, and wikis—to create, modify, share, and discuss Internet content. This represents the social media phenomenon, which can now significantly impact a firm's reputation, sales, and even survival. Yet, many executives eschew or ignore this form of media because they don’t understand what it is, the various forms it can take, and how to engage with it and learn. In response, we present a framework that defines social media by using seven functional building blocks: identity, conversations, sharing, presence, relationships, reputation, and groups. As different social media activities are defined by the extent to which they focus on some or all of these blocks, we explain the implications that each block can have for how firms should engage with social media. To conclude, we present a number of recommendations regarding how firms should develop strategies for monitoring, understanding, and responding to different social media activities.     

Valuing customers for social network services

In the current Internet environment, many online service companies based on community factors (networks) produce and sell new types of digital products. For example, SNS (social network service) companies now sell customers digital decorative products for the adornment of online avatars. Not only do individual customers consume these digital products, but they also exchange them as gifts in their local neighborhoods. While previous studies on customer valuation (e.g. CLTV, RFM, etc.) focus on some important issues for identifying valuable customers, the literature does not resolve issues related to the effects on customer value of products purchased as gifts for another person. This study attempts to verify empirically the effects of two representative social network properties (tie strength and the number of ties) on customer monetary value.This study selects 2615 customers from a South Korean SNS website who enrolled on the site on the same day. Data include diverse purchase-related information, social network properties in terms of gift-giving for six months, and demographic information. The primary results of this study are as follows. First, the proposed model, which includes social network properties, has a great deal more explanatory power than the baseline model — the RFM-based customer value model. Second, tie strength and the number of ties in a gift-giving network increase customer value. Third, tie strength has a more profound impact on customer value than does the number of ties. The results of this study theoretically expand the domain of customer valuation studies due to the inclusion of social network properties, and suggest important practical implications for some online SNS companies in their efforts to find valuable customers and improve customer value.     

Measurement of organizational investments in social capital: The service employee perspective

This paper describes the development and validation of a measure of organizational investments in social capital (OISC). The scale development process is carried out over three stages (item generation, scale purification, scale validation), with two separate data collection phases involving a total of 735 working adults from multiple and diverse service-related workplace settings. As such, the data provide evidence for the face, content, discriminant, convergent and nomological validity, dimensionality and reliability of the OISC measure. The OISC measure is a concise, unidimensional scale that has the potential for significant usage in the development and testing of theory, as well as practical application in retail and other service provision contexts.     

当代传媒业绩效考评弊端与对策研究

中国传媒业绩效考评缺乏政策评价体系,绩效考评机制滞后,还存在重"量"轻"质"、重"奖励"轻"发展"等不良倾向。要清除诸多弊病,首要的是制订符合传媒市场需要的科学的评价标准,在此基础上完善绩效考评体系,注意绩效考评体系内外的联系,以"能力"为本位;变职称工资管理为绩效工资管理实行年终绩效考核,推行末位淘汰制等。     

基于SCP范式的中国传媒产业分析

文章应用SCP范式,对我国传媒产业的市场结构指标与产业绩效进行了相关性分析,得出两者间存在着较强的正相关关系,并提出政府政策制定必须立足提高整个产业集中度,才能从根本上提高传媒产业的整体绩效。     

关于我国保险公司履行社会责任的综合评价——基于利益相关者理论的视角

企业社会责任的理念源于20世纪初的美国。随着上世纪80年代利益相关者理论的提出,学术界对企业社会责任的研究进入新领域。保险业作为特殊的金融服务机构其各方利益相关者的利益冲突亦随着经济社会的发展逐步凸显。本文基于利益相关者理论的视角,对保险公司社会责任进行了界定,并对我国保险公司目前履行社会责任存在的问题进行了研究和分析,在此基础上提出了改进建议。     

社保基金投资监管模式的选择——基于全国社会保障基金管理分析

本文在分析全国社会保障基金投资管理运营现状的基础上,指出我国现行全国社会保障基金投资管理监管模式的不足,在对比几种监管模式优劣之后,给出了完善全国社会保障基金投资监管的建议和方法。     

社会工作在流浪儿童救助中的介入及其意义

从社会工作视角出发,分析了当前流浪儿童救助工作中存在的问题,并结合社会工作专业的理念、方法,将社会工作人性化的救助方法引入到流浪儿童救助领域,通过发挥社会工作以人为本、助人自助的功能,以补足政府和民间儿童救助组织救助的缺陷及不足,促使流浪儿童救助工作进一步完善。最后,探讨了社会工作与流浪儿童救助相结合的意义,强调通过社会工作对流浪儿童救助工作的介入,必将有助于增加社会公平,促进社会稳定,使社会主义社会更加健康有序地运行和发展。