交通基础设施影响下的物流业与区域经济的关联研究

鉴于通过物流业发展来解释我国区域经济发展这一主题存在的一些不足,文章在综述相关研究的基础上提出了二者之间存在非线性关系的观点。利用门槛回归模型,分别以铁路和高速公路路网密度作为交通基础设施门槛变量,证实了其在物流业提升区域经济发展水平这一运行机制上存在着非线性的调节作用。研究结果表明:2004-2013年间,铁路基础设施作为门槛,二者作用机制表现出了由强转弱的相关关系;高速公路基础设施作为门槛,二者作用机制表现出了显著的倒U型相关关系;在发展低水平阶段,铁路作为物流业的主要运输方式,对区域经济影响作用强大,随后作用逐渐减弱;公路在中等水平阶段明显高于低水平阶段;在其高水平发展阶段,促进作用略低于中等水平阶段。由于交通基础设施门槛效应的存在,文章建议应系统、动态地看待我国交通基础设施作用和因地制宜地制定物流业发展政策,推动区域经济的有效发展。     

Investment in trade facilitating infrastructure: A political-economy analysis

This paper analyzes public investment in infrastructure that facilitates international trade. It considers a world consisting of small open economies that face transport costs for exporting or importing a particular good. Transport costs can be lowered by an improvement in transport infrastructure. National governments non-cooperatively decide about their respective country's investment level. Governments' preferences are assumed to be biased in favor of producers' interests with consequences for equilibrium investments: Exporting countries, whose producers benefit from a transport cost reduction, spend more for infrastructure than importing countries, whose producers are protected by transport costs from foreign competition. This outcome is inefficient, and governments have an incentive to cooperate internationally. The paper also incorporates bilateral trade with two goods that benefit from infrastructure improvements as well as trade that results from offshoring.     

城市公共交通枢纽换乘空间问题分析——以北京西直门交通枢纽为例

公共交通枢纽是城市公共交通系统的核心设施.论文对西直门公交枢纽进行了充分的实地调查,并用仿真模型为手段对换乘流量及结构进行了分析,找出了西直门公交枢纽在换乘空间设计、外部交通状况和交通管理等方面存在的问题.并针对这些问题提出了相应的改进措施.     

供应链下集并运输的技术方法研究

介绍一种新的运输方法——集并运输,列举了集并运输的一些相关方法,分析了各种方法的特点,为能够更好地为客户提供运输服务提供了参考。     

Dynamic adaptive transport policies for handling deep uncertainty

Many long-term transport policy decisions are made by assuming that (1) the range of possible futures is known well enough to predict future changes to the transport system, (2) there is enough knowledge regarding the correct transport system model to estimate policy outcomes, and (3) there is enough knowledge regarding the importance stakeholders currently assign to the various outcomes or will assign in the future. However, for long-term transport policy decisions these assumptions can often not be made, since decision makers, analysts, and experts do not know or cannot agree on (1) how the future will develop, (2) the system models, and/or (3) the value system(s) to be used to rank alternative policies. This paper presents a ‘dynamic adaptive’ approach to policymaking for long-term transport policies that aims at overcoming the shortcomings of traditional approaches for handling deep uncertainty. It allows adaptations in time as knowledge is gathered. The approach is illustrated with dynamic adaptive policies for solving various long-term problems in the fields of road, rail, and air transport.     

构建为教学科研服务的高职院校图书馆

高职院校图书馆是学校的文献信息中心，是为学校的教学和科研服务的。因此，图书馆应充分利用馆藏资源，并以优质的工作质量，服务于学校教学和科研，为学校的发展提供强有力的文献保障。     

水运交通对我国经济的影响研究

水运是现代综合运输体系的重要组成部分,它直接为现代工业、商业贸易服务。本文从以下3个层面,探讨了水运交通对经济的影响。首先,通过对海运承担的外贸运量和石油、铁矿石的进口量的数量分析,阐述了水运对对外贸易的支撑作用;其次,通过案例和数据,从经济格局演化、资源开发、均衡经济等角度,探究了水运对区域发展的推动作用;最后讨论了水运作为国际合作依托的重要作用。     

Transport biofuels in the European Union: The state of play

The implementation of the Biofuels Directive (2003/30/EC) in 25 member states is assessed here. Implementation problems are identified and analysed for the purpose of suggesting a way forward for biofuels policy in the European Union. Three main patterns are observed: effective implementation, formal compliance and weak implementation. Problems encountered in the policy process are both of a practical and more fundamental nature, i.e., due to a lack of consensus on the priority of competing policy objectives and disagreement on the suitability of first-generation biofuels for reaching the objectives. In this situation, stronger enforcement of targets does not appear to be a constructive way forward. Based on our analysis, we argue that the European Union should instead, and in agreement with the principle of subsidiarity, allow member states more flexibility.     

SeMS and sensibility: Security management systems and the management of risk in the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority

Following International Air Transportation Association requirement for all member airlines and airports to have a security management system (SeMS) beginning 1 March 2007, many organizations are looking to learn from safety and quality management systems. Without specific guidelines or best practices, organizations are forced to imitate these processes designed for different goals. Since safety, quality, and security environments operate on radically different principles, SeMS implementation must take a different tack. The case of the Canadian Air Transport Security Authority illustrates the importance of a custom-designed program that meets public and corporate needs. The Authority is responsible for security screening of passengers, non-passengers, and baggage within selected airports. As a crown corporation with a precise statutory mandate and regulatory environment, the development of a SeMS illustrates some of the key problems for the application of SeMS to larger organizations.     

Carbon dioxide emissions from transport in Taiwan's national parks

Transport profoundly affects energy use and carbon dioxide emissions in the tourism sector. This study focuses on five national parks in Taiwan, namely Kenting National Park, Yushan National Park, Yangmingshan National Park, Taroko National Park and Sheipa National Park, and applies a bottom-up approach to determine the amount of CO₂ emissions from domestic tourism transport in 1999–2006. The CO₂ emission factor of private car derived in this study reveals a higher value than that of previous study due to its lower load factors. Moreover, CO₂ emissions per person are different in each national park, influenced by the attributes of travel distance and transport mode. The scenario analysis indicates that CO₂ emission can be reduced by increasing load factors of transport, tourist switching from private cars to public transport and going to destinations close to their points of departure, which can be achieved by authorities through activity management, regulation control and price adjustment. This is also an adequate solution for Taiwan Government owing to the increases in transport volume and the limited tourism budget.