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31.
Methods for the road network design problem, typically, are based on optimization of the network efficiency measures (e.g. network-wide travel time) under a predefined budget. In these approaches, equity issues are not taken into account and, consequently, most of the road improvements are planned next to large cities. Thus, disparities between large and small cities increase, which does not conform to sustainable development objectives. In this paper, to overcome concerns associated with traditional methods, equity is incorporated into the interurban road network design problem. To this end, accessibility concepts are employed. However, unlike previous studies, instead of maximizing the total accessibility, a new definition is proposed for inaccessibility, and total inaccessibility is minimized throughout the network. Using this new definition not only is more compatible with the equity issue, but also helps to eliminate the nonlinearity of the problem. Average travel time to neighboring opportunities is utilized to propose this definition for inaccessibility, which captures the reality more effectively. With the aim of this definition, equity is incorporated into the road network design problem implicitly. This is another improvement over previous methods, where a new term in the objective function or a new constraint is added to include the equity. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem, where the objective is to minimize the aggregate inaccessibility over all the population centers in the network. To illustrate the application of the model, the Northwest region of the United States is used as the case study. The respective exact solution of the example is found using a commercial solver (CPLEX). This new solution is also compared with the solutions from the traditional methods. 相似文献
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本文探讨利用油田现有的各种资源,搭建应急指挥平台,从而最大限度地降低大庆油田公司各类突发事件的发生概率,减少发生突发事件时所造成的经济损失和社会影响,确保油田生产生活秩序的平稳。 相似文献
34.
高速磁浮列车技术及其在我国客运交通中的战略地位 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
严陆光 《国际技术经济研究》1999,2(4):1-7
高速磁浮列车是当前唯一能达到500公里/时运营速度的地面交通工具.技术已经成熟.正进入实用运营线建造阶段,将在21世纪高速客运中发挥重大作用。本文简要介绍了高速磁浮列车技术的发展情况与特点,分析了其在客运交通系统中的地位。从我国国情出发,本文论述了其在我国未来客运交通中的战略地位,并对我国当前发展磁浮列车技术提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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Michael R. Galbreth Ph.D. James A. Hill Ph.D. Sean Handley M.B.A. 《Journal of Business Logistics》2008,29(1):225-239
Cross‐docking is the practice of transferring materials from an incoming shipment directly to an outgoing shipment without storing them at the transfer point. This essentially eliminates the inventory‐holding function of a warehouse and can reduce supply chain costs. We investigate the value of one type of cross‐docking in a variety of supply chain environments. 相似文献
37.
A survey on pickup and delivery problems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper is the first part of a comprehensive survey on pickup and delivery problems. Basically,
two problem classes can be distinguished. The first class, discussed in this paper, deals with the transportation
of goods from the depot to linehaul customers and from backhaul customers to the depot. This class is denoted
as Vehicle Routing Problems with Backhauls (VRPB). Four subtypes can be considered, namely the Vehicle Routing
Problem with Clustered Backhauls (VRPCB – all linehauls before backhauls), the Vehicle Routing Problem
with Mixed linehauls and Backhauls (VRPMB – any sequence of linehauls and backhauls permitted), the
Vehicle Routing Problem with Divisible Delivery and Pickup (VRPDDP – customers demanding delivery
and pickup service can be visited twice), and the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and
Pickup (VRPSDP – customers demanding both services have to be visited exactly once). The second class,
dealt with in the second part of this survey, refers to all those problems where goods are transported between
pickup and delivery locations. These are the Pickup and Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem (PDVRP –
unpaired pickup and delivery points), the classical Pickup and Delivery Problem (PDP – paired pickup
and delivery points), and the Dial-A-Ride Problem (DARP – passenger transportation between paired
pickup and delivery points and user inconvenience taken into consideration). Single as well as multi vehicle
versions of the mathematical problem formulations are given for all four VRPB types, the corresponding exact,
heuristic, and metaheuristic solution methods are discussed.
相似文献
38.
本文在论证住房公积金及增值收益物权属性的基础上,提出具体保障对策。首先,拓宽住房公积金保值增值渠道;其次,公积金业务与中心经费并账核算,增加业务支出核算内容;再次,建立住房公积金增值收益分配新模式,缴存职工参与公积金分红。 相似文献
39.
Erling Røed Larsen 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2006,29(3):301-318
Indirect taxes on transportation activities that pollute can correct externalities and close the gaps between private and social costs. However, policy makers often find such Pigou taxes difficult to implement because of political resistance due to possibly adverse affects on equity. For this reason it is important to assess the distributional aspects of environmental levies. This article estimates properties of the demand for transportation in parametric and non-parametric analyses of Consumer Expenditure Surveys for the United States and finds patterns in the resulting set of Engel curves. Private transportation using air flights and new cars has Engel elasticity above unity while public transportation via mass transit has Engel elasticity below unity. The findings can be interpreted in an important way since they show that a differentiated scheme of environmental taxes on transportation may function progressively. A Pigou scheme with larger taxes on modes of transportation that pollute more appears to coincide with larger levies on luxury modes preferred by richer households. 相似文献
40.