区域经济发展视角下我国民航区域市场需求分析及发展政策研究

在现代社会中,民航运输业作为交通运输基础产业不仅是城市间物质、资源交换的载体,同时也是各地政府促进区域经济发展和转型升级的重要条件。本文首先基于对航空运输的网络产业特性的分析,揭示航空运输与区域经济的内在关系。其次从区域市场经济发展水平、运输能力等角度,构建民航区域市场需求的指标体系,利用多元统计分析方法和多年统计数据进行实证研究,并对我国各省市民航市场发展水平进行综合评价。根据民航发展的内在机理,提出政府发展和规划民航业的政策建议。     

Urban search models under high-relocation costs. Theory and application to spatial mismatch

We develop a search-matching model in which mobility costs are so high that it is too costly for workers to relocate when a change in their employment status occurs. We show that, in equilibrium, wages increase with distance to jobs and commuting costs because firms need to compensate the transportation cost difference between the employed and unemployed workers at each location in the city. We also show that the equilibrium land rent is negatively affected by the unemployment benefit because an increase in the latter induce firms to create less jobs, which, in turn, reduces the competition in the land market. We then use this model to provide a mechanism for the observed spatial mismatch between where black workers live and where jobs are. We finally show that a transportation policy consisting in subsidizing the commuting costs of black workers can increase job creation and reduce unemployment if the level of the subsidy is set at a sufficiently high level.     

Entry controls in taxi regulation: Implications of US and Canadian experience for taxi regulation and deregulation

This paper assesses the effects of entry regulation and deregulation on taxicab availability and service quality based on the experiences of 43 cities and counties in the United States and Canada. The analysis shows that entry controls have quite different impacts in the two basic markets served by taxicabs: the telephone order (dispatch) market and the cab stand/street hail market. Without entry controls, the cab stand and street hail market experiences an oversupply of cabs, leading to deterioration of vehicle and driver quality. Applied to the dispatch market, however, entry restrictions often lead to deficiencies in taxicab availability. The paper reviews the effectiveness of regulatory approaches for each market and for cities with substantial trip volumes in both markets. Approaches include two-tier systems, flexible forms of entry control, company-level entry qualifications, geographic restrictions and service requirements. These approaches and implications for regulation are discussed.     

铁路运输发展第三方物流的研究与策略

从物流及第三方物流的概念着手，主要分析了物流与铁路运输的本质区别，并就铁路运输开展第三方物流的优势及存在问题进行了详细分析，并重点论述了铁路运输业开展第三方物流可行性及有关对策。     

伦敦的"交通收费"及其福利经济学解释

2003年2月17日起,伦敦市采取对进入市中心的车辆收取5镑进入费的做法来缓解交通堵塞.对这一政策的运行方式、政策效果及反对意见进行了评价,并从福利经济学的角度作出了解释.     

进口方银行按客户要求放货的责任与实务研究

在国际贸易中,进口方银行往往需要按照客户要求放货,如货物先于有关单据前达到目的地,需要进口方银行出具担保,或者是货运单据以银行为收货人或银行指示抬头时需要进口方银行授权或背书放货。本文从实务操作出发,阐述了提货担保的意义和特点,分析了银行办理提货担保业务面临的风险,对提货担保失效时限进行了探讨,并引申分析了货运单据以银行为收货人或银行指示抬头时银行授权或背书放货后的责任,最后依据银行实务提出了防范提货担保业务风险的对策。     

Land use for transport projects: Estimating land value

Transportation projects are typically characterized by increased land use, which is a scarce resource of economic value. However, there is a tendency to ignore land value during feasibility studies of transportation projects. This may lead to a reduction in the economic efficiency of a project and to increased land use. This paper presents an economic model, based on the relationship between the elasticity of land price with respect to density, and estimating the future value of land designated for various uses, including transportation projects. The model was applied to transactional data from Israel, and was used for examining the value of land designated for two transport projects within Israel. The conclusions of the study indicate that taking the land value during a feasibility analysis of transportation projects into account, may lead to the consideration of other alternative plans, which may prevent the excessive use of land.     

A humanitarian logistics model for disaster relief operation considering network failure and standard relief time: A case study on San Francisco district

We propose a multi-depot location-routing model considering network failure, multiple uses of vehicles, and standard relief time. The model determines the locations of local depots and routing for last mile distribution after an earthquake. The model is extended to a two-stage stochastic program with random travel time to ascertain the locations of distribution centers. Small instances have been solved to optimality in GAMS. A variable neighborhood search algorithm is devised to solve the deterministic model. Computational results of our case study show that the unsatisfied demands can be significantly reduced at the cost of higher number of local depots and vehicles.     

城际铁路列车停站方案的遗传算法求解

我国城市群快速发展,城市间人员交流密切频繁,城际铁路成为城际间旅客的重要出行方式。合理的城际铁路列车停站方案可以提高城际铁路的竞争力,提升城际铁路的分担率。分析停站方案相关的运营收益和旅客出行成本,以铁路运营收益最大和旅客出行成本最小为目标函数,以车站服务频率、设备能力、列车停站次数等作为约束条件,建立城际铁路列车停站方案的多目标混合0-1规划模型,运用理想点法和遗传算法求解。算例结果表明,该模型和算法可以优化得到铁路运营收益和旅客出行成本均较优的停站方案。