Multiple product qualities in monopoly: Sailing the RMS Titanic into the economics classroom

In this pedagogical contribution the authors extend the traditional three-class tariff employed in the French passenger railway system with the more resonant story of the service quality variations associated with the three passenger classes of the ill-fated RMS Titanic. In doing so, they provide economics instructors with an opportunity to integrate the well-known motion picture Titanic (Cameron and Landau 1997 Cameron, J., and J. Landau. 1997. Titanic. Los Angeles: 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures, and Lightstorm Entertainment. [Google Scholar]) into the teaching of economics. This article provides instructors with resources that can be used to link historical and modern travel examples of price discrimination in order for students to reach a “deeper understanding of course concepts” (Salemi 2002 Salemi, M. K. 2002. An illustrated case for active learning. Southern Economic Journal 68 (3): 721–31.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 725).     

中国国有企业改革：经验、困境与出路*

作为国有企业产权改革主要模式,“混合所有制”改革是否有助于确保国有资产保值增值,是否有助于推动中国经济可持续发展等问题仍存在探讨空间。本文基于对于改革开放以来中国国有企业改革的成就和教训的考察,指出“混合所有制”可以作为竞争性部门国有企业改革的一个过渡形式;对于垄断央企的改革应该充分借鉴国际上自然垄断行业的改革经验,打破行政垄断,推动竞争性框架建立,并切实实现从“管企业”逐步调整为“管资本”,通过改革实现国有资产的保值增值,并为经济创造新的增长点。     

国际标准化组织天然气技术委员会ISO／TC193第23届年会情况报告

介绍了ISO／TC193于2011年在中国南京召开的第23届年会的有关情况,对TC193组织结构、工作组构成及ISO标准发布作了简要概述,重点对ISO／TC193直属工作组、SCl“天然气分析测试”和SC3“天然气上游领域”分委会在2011年开展的天然气产品和分析测试技术国际标准化项目的发展动态进行了详细说明和研究,并提出下一步我国天然气产品和分析测试技术标准化的工作建议。     

刍议非常规天然气的气质标准

全国天然气标准技术委员会（SAC/TC244）在其管理的标准化工作范围内,已经形成了一个以GB17820和GB／T22723为核心的技术标准体系。此体系包括从术语、通用基础、产品及其分析测试方法,以及HSE管理等44个国家标准和6个行业标准。同时,此体系也涵盖了井口（粗）天然气、管输（商品）天然气、车用压缩天然气、煤层气和天然气代用品等5个类别。根据目前页岩气和煤层气的产业规模和技术发展状况,尚未具备制订气质指标国家标准的条件。如果工业生产上有所需求,建议依托现有的天然气工业技术标准体系,制订国家标准指导性技术文件（GB／Z）。     

分布式能源站的能源综合利用及噪音治理

分析了广州大学城分布式能源站（简称大学城能源站）一期项目采用2×78Mw燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组的能源利用效率状况;介绍了大学城能源站能源综合利用的成效与噪音环境治理的措施,并对天然气分布式能源系统发展方向提出了合理化建议。该项目可为我国分布式能源发展积累经验,为合理利用天然气资源、提高能源利用效率及智能电网建设支撑提供示范和推动作用。     

土地垄断供给、纵向市场关系与房地产价格——兼论基于价值链分析的房地产市场竞争促进政策

地价与房价之间并不仅仅是一种成本联系.土地市场与房地产产品市场之间还存在着纵向市场关系,在两个市场均为寡头垄断的情况下,则会存在着双重垄断加成的现象.与上下游产业之间的市场交易关系相比,垂直一体化和垂直约束同样是组织住房生产的有效方式,并有助于增加消费者剩余.此外,促进房地产开发价值链上各环节的竞争,消除其垄断行为,将是降低房价和增进居民福利的重要选择.     

自然保护地自然资源资产产权制度现状辨析

“建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系”是党的十九大所提出的国家公园体制建设的新方向。实现自然保护地的有效保护管理是其重要内容，关键在于通过改革形成科学、合理的自然资源资产产权制度，而厘清自然资源资产产权制度的现状则是进行改革的前提。首先，对现行法律进行系统梳理，明确法律所认定的自然保护地中的自然资源类型。其次，从自然资源的产权种类及所有权改变、用益物权流转三方面总结了自然保护地自然资源资产的产权制度现状。再者，从各类自然保护地申报设立的条件和环保督查中反映出来的问题两方面入手分析了自然保护地的自然资源保护管理现状，从国家公园体制试点采取的措施出发分析了目前的改革探索，并提炼出自然保护地自然资源资产产权制度存在的四大问题，即自然资源资产产权的界定和要求较局限、自然资源所有权行使人虚位、公权与私权的利益协调机制不健全、改革探索中物权途径面临制度障碍。最后，从自然资源资产产权制度设计的角度提出了改革的4个方向。     

我国收入差距扩大的影响因素及其实证分析——以行业收入变动为视角

笔者以传统行业收入决定理论为基础,运用2003年～2008年我国19个行业的面板数据构建模型,系统地分析了2002年至今各行业收入变动的影响因素及其影响效果.结果表明,生产效率仍然是决定收入变动的重要因素;垄断因素在行业收入差距扩大中扮演最重要的角色;人力资本水平对收入变动的作用有待于进一步提升.笔者还阐述了加入"世贸"组织后垄断行业暴利、高教扩招等社会现实问题对行业收入变动的影响.     

Dynamics of the UK natural gas industry: System dynamics modelling and long-term energy policy analysis

We present a dynamic model of the indigenous natural gas industry in the UK. The model has been built using a system dynamics approach. Using the model several scenarios have been analyzed. We found that management of the supply-side policy alone cannot substantially postpone the discovery, production and consumption peak. We also found that the dynamics of the main variables, namely, exploration, production and consumption, are sensitive to initial demand conditions. Postponing the onset of gas price increases can therefore be achieved more effectively through efforts to reduce demand growth. One might expect that a low taxation policy would encourage more exploration and production of gas and thereby stimulate higher consumption rates. Instead, there was no overall net effect on production and consumption in the long term. The depletion effect on cost of exploration acts as counterbalance to low taxation policy. Depletion effect causes cost and thus price to rise further which depress consumption rate. The advances in exploration and production technology can delay the peak of exploration, production and consumption. Technological improvements mean lower cost of exploration and production which pressure down the long-term pattern of price dynamics.     

How should resource‐rich countries diversify? Estimating forward‐linkage effects of mining on productivity growth

Resource‐rich countries willing to diversify their economies are faced with dual policy options; to either develop resource‐based industries, or diversify their economies as a whole and invest into new activities that are not necessarily resource dependent. Not only does the economic theory fail to provide a consensual guidance on this issue but empirical evidence is also lacking. This paper empirically assesses which of these two patterns of diversification is associated with higher productivity growth outcomes for resource‐rich countries. Using panel data for 50 resource‐abundant countries over the period 1970–2010, I find that stronger downstream linkages to mining and extractives do not lead to productivity enhancements. Broadening and diversifying the production structure as a whole offers potential for productivity growth at higher levels of income.