昆明轨道交通站点周边地区城市设计探讨

轨道交通站点周边地区由于建设开发强度大,建筑密度高,其建筑群体空间往往对周边城市环境带来压迫感。本文以香港成熟轨道站点地区已经建成的城市现状作为实证研究对象,从建筑群体高度控制和开放开放空间设计两个方面,分析总结其城市空间设计经验,给昆明轨道站点周边地区的城市设计以启发。     

轨道交通对城市住房发展的影响综述

从轨道交通对城市住房价格和空间分布、居住用地开发强度的影响及影响的时效性等各方面综述了国内外研究进展,得出以下结论:除个别区域和时段外,轨道交通将引起沿线住房价格上涨,位于郊区、开发成熟度低的地区和中等价值的住房价格上涨最为明显;轨道交通将引起沿线居住用地开发强度的提高,提高的幅度与站点的功能关系密切;轨道交通吸引住房需求向轨道线路和站点附近集聚,并使市中心的居住需求向郊区转移,加快郊区化进程,同时改变中心区住房的类型结构,最终改变城市的空间结构;轨道交通对住房价格的影响具有时效性,影响程度随规划、施工、运营等不同时期而不同。     

Policy impacts on the propensity to travel by HSR in the Amsterdam – London market

This paper investigates the impacts of possible measures to enhance HSR market share in the London-Amsterdam market. To this aim, we adopted a two-level aggregate nested logit model able to jointly model trip distribution and trip generation, thus taking into account that the tested policies may increase or decrease the overall demand. The model was applied to an extensive dataset about passenger flows traveling between London airports and HSR station and Amsterdam in the period 2015–2019. The results show that both the reduction of HSR fares and the application of an air ticket tax, albeit with different impacts in terms of stimulus or reduction effect on overall demand, are ineffective in increasing HSR market share, if not adequately supported by improving HSR service. Increasing HSR frequency and reducing HSR travel times constitute the best opportunities to increase HSR ridership by stimulating a higher substitution effect than modifications in relative fares. Lastly, the recent queueing at airports, following staff shortages and strikes, significantly lower air transport demand and potentially has a substantial upward effect on HSR market share.     

Does the opening of high-speed rail enhance urban entrepreneurial activity? Evidence from China

Entrepreneurship plays a critical role in contributing to the realization of full employment in all countries around the world. By improving the efficiency of the flow of production factors, high-speed rail (HSR) has an important impact on regional economic development. However, little is known about whether HSR has improved urban entrepreneurial activity. This paper takes the opening of HSR as a quasi-natural experiment and constructs a difference-in-differences (DID) model, using panel data on 284 prefecture-level cities in China for the period from 2005 to 2019, to systematically evaluate the impact of HSR openings on urban entrepreneurial activity. We find that the opening of HSR has increased the urban entrepreneurial activity, and that this effect is more obvious in cities at high administrative levels, with locational advantages, and highly developed economies, including service industries. HSR can enhance urban entrepreneurial activity by improving the level of talent aggregation and venture capital. These findings provide fresh perspectives on the connection between HSR and urban entrepreneurial activity.     

我国支线航空发展:痛并快乐着

我国现在规划从民航大国向民航强国迈进。要实现这个宏伟蓝图,不仅需要从航空制造业方面讲我国能够实现具有自我知识产权的核心机型,而且从航空运输业来说需要实现支线航空的长足可持续性发展。发现支线航空也是实现民航强国的一个重要保障点。我国支线航空目前正在干线航空和高铁的夹缝中艰难前行,痛并快乐着。     

分析广州快速公交系统建设

在分析快速公交系统基本要素的基础上,结合国内外成功经验,提出广州快速公交系统的定位。肯定广州快速公交系统的积极作用在于短期内缓解大城市交通拥挤问题,提出其隐患在于该系统与城市土地的合理利用的矛盾、与其它公交方式的合理衔接、技术保障能否实现等。     

省军区系统对过境部队军交运输保障方法浅探

分析了过境部队军交运输保障目前存在的问题,提出省军区系统应在军交运输保障指挥体系建设、建立健全运输保障体系网络和拓宽保障渠道等方面提高对过境部队军交运输的综合保障能力。     

客运专线路基沉降控制与变形观测技术研究

本文结合京津城际轨道工程项目施工单位在软土路基施工过程中的沉降控制和变形观测进行阐述,对软土路基的沉降观测进行分析和总结;京津城际轨道工程软土路基基础采用为CFG桩和PHC管桩处理,对软土路基进行沉降稳定观测,观测统计表明,通过对软基进行处理,严格按规范要求施工,工程质量是能够达到预期目标的。     

Multiple Temporalities of Policy Circulation: Gradual,Repetitive and Delayed Processes of BRT Adoption in South African Cities

In 2006, bus rapid transit (BRT) swept across South African cities. Within three years of learning of the Bogotá model of BRT, Johannesburg's Rea Vaya opened, followed shortly by Cape Town's MyCiTi, while several other cities are at various stages of planning and implementation. This article traces the circulation of BRT across the South African urban context to expose the multiple and varied temporalities through which BRT came to appear as the only available solution. These earlier encounters, which include the first published discussion of BRT in South Africa in a 1973 conference report, study visits to Curitiba in the 1990s and a failed attempt to implement a Bogotá‐style BRT system in Cape Town in 2003, were instrumental in creating a fertile ground for later adoption practices. While it may appear as if circulated policies shorten the gestation time from policy introduction to policy adoption, these repeated attempts to implement circulated innovations ensure that the turnover only seems accelerated. This article unravels the story of BRT adoption, departing from the theoretical discussions of the policy circulation process as a rapid phenomenon, instead demonstrating that it is gradual, repetitive and at times delayed.     

城市公交成品油价格补助政策浅析

为消化油价调整给公交行业带来的成本负担,国家于2006年开始出台了一系列成品油价格补助政策,给予城市公交企业成品油价格补助。本文根据成品油价格补助政策产生的原因及现状,分析目前成品油价格补助政策存在的问题,并为成品油价格补助政策的有效实施提出建议。