Advertising, Its Determinants, and Market Structure

This study derives a formal model of firm advertising behavior and applies it to the industry level to figure out the relationship between advertising and market structure. The firm advertising model shows that both consumer preference andfirm-specific advertising competence jointly determineprofit-maximizing advertising intensity. At the industry level, advertising intensity is represented multiplicatively by consumer preference and a measure of market structure, which reflects the joint distribution of the levels of advertising competence and market shares among firms. The new market structure measure suggests that those single-dimensional measures of market structure such as seller concentration and the Herfindahl index are inadequate in explaining interindustry differences in advertising intensity, and that the long-debated advertising-concentration relationship differs depending primarily on the appropriability of advertising. An empirical analysis of 426 five-digit Korean manufacturing industries shows that an inverted U-shaped relationship between the Herfindahl index and industry advertising intensity is observed for consumer goods industries but a lazy J-shaped relationship for producer goods industries.     

西部少数民族经济快速发展的财税政策选择

中央财力不足、税制不够完善以及分税制体制方面的问题致使西部民族地区的经济发展比较缓慢,产生诸多不利影响。因此,在改善投资环境、调整经济结构和布局、扩大内需等方面,税收应有所作为。     

Restriction of cost of capital＇s property right and financing preference of listed companies

Opposite to the financing preference of creditor＇s rights in western firms, Chinese listed companies obviously have the financing preference of shareholding. This paper uses the theory of property for reference, and redefines the concept of cost of capital in a higher level, and considers it as the property of investors. Through a mathematics model, the author analyzes that how restriction of cost of capital＇s property right makes influence on the financing preference of firms, and considers that it is the restriction of cost or the imperfect cost of capital＇s property right that influences the financing cost of shareholding and creditor＇s rights, hence, determining the financing preference of listed companies. In other words, it is the restriction of cost of capital＇s property right that causes the financing preference of creditor＇s rights in western firms, and the imperfect cost of capital＇s property right is the reason for the financing preference of shareholding of Chinese listed companies.     

国际金融危机下完善中小企业税收优惠制度的法律思考

税收优惠是国家在税收方面给予纳税人和征税对象的各种优待的总称。在中国,99%的企业是中小企业。长期以来我国都有关于中小企业税收优惠的规定,从而促进了中小企业的快速发展。此次国际金融危机使我国中小企业的发展面临严峻挑战,保护中小企业迫切需要税收优惠政策的支持。完善中小企业税收优惠制度,对于帮助中小企业顺利度过难关,促进国民经济发展,维护社会稳定均有重大意义。本文通过借鉴当前金融危机形势下各国关于中小企业税收优惠制度的调整经验,对我国现存相关立法进行了全面剖析,并就完善该项制度提出几点建议。     

信托受益权登记背景下的信托产品销售决策变化及影响——基于不同渠道偏好和成本的视角

信托受益权的登记细则出台及国内信托受益权账户系统的上线,对信托产品的销售渠道产生影响。通过模型构建,研究新制度背景下服务水平变化对信托公司销售成本的影响,并推导出直销和代销两种渠道的市场份额会发生变化,信托公司直销的市场份额将增加,由第三方财富公司代销的市场份额将逐步减小。销售渠道的改变会降低信托融资的总成本,从而会对信托业以及整个金融监管模式产生积极影响。     

吉林省储蓄国债投资者研究

随着我国经济持续增长和利率市场化不断推进,个人投资者资产管理方式及渠道日益丰富,而储蓄国债因品种单一、购买渠道狭窄、流动性不强等因素,与其他投资品种相比失去了往日"金边国债"魅力,储蓄国债发行和管理工作面临着挑战。本文从问卷调查入手,深入分析了吉林省储蓄国债投资者的结构特征、行为特点和投资偏好,并就优化期限结构、丰富国债品种、完善发行兑付渠道、强化宣传以及拓展农村市场五个方面提出意见建议,供参考。     

定向增发热潮背后的我国上市公司股权融资偏好研究

近年来,定向增发成为我国上市公司最为青睐的股权再融资方式,其主要原因在于定向增发为上市公司控股股东提供了更为便利的攫取控制权收益的渠道,并带来了实现无风险套利的机会,这使上市公司股权融资偏好问题体现的更为突出。     

Regional airport choice: Consumer behaviour and policy implications

The analysis of origin airports in multi-airport regions has a well established tradition in transportation and regional economics. The main goal of the paper is to estimate the importance of the different attributes that determine origin airport choice. In our case we adopt a stated preference approach to study this problem and evaluate the effects of possible policy interventions. We also perform a detailed segmentation of the sample studied according to the socio-economic variables that prove statistically relevant when interacted with the attributes used to characterise airport choice. Moreover, in order to test for the presence of heterogeneity in agents’ preferences we estimate several mixed logit models with different specifications, including heteroscedasticity and error component. With respect to previous studies we develop and extend the traditional SP approach by also analysing the role and relevance of attribute cut-offs in this research field. The policy simulations produced are based on the estimation of airport-specific attributes. The study concentrates on a multi-airport region in central Italy where four competing airports are located.     

利益集团、行为偏好与黄宗羲定律——中国封建王朝更替动因的经济学分析

中国封建社会特殊的社会结构下,封建王朝在其演进过程中,农民集团和官僚集团之间的利益博弈对税赋改革的影响会导致＂黄宗羲定律＂的形成。税赋愈改愈重使得农民在当朝所能获得的效用随时间的推移而降低,从而导致农民预期起义成本的降低,当这种预期成本下降到一定水平后,农民集团会采取有效的集团行动并转向对新的政治体制的寻求,最终完成朝代的更替。这一过程可以运用经济学的基本理论,并建立适当模型,从而对中国社会特有的王朝更替现象进行解释。     

Using choice experiments to value catchment and estuary health in Tasmania with individual preference heterogeneity*

Choice experiments (CE) have become widespread as an approach to environmental valuation in both Australia and overseas. However, there are few valuation studies that have addressed natural resource management (NRM) changes in Tasmania. Furthermore, few studies have focussed on the estimation of estuary values. The CE study described in this paper aims to analyse community preferences for NRM options in the George catchment, Tasmania. Catchment health attributes were: the length of native riverside vegetation; the number of rare native animal and plant species in the George catchment; and area of healthy seagrass beds in the Georges Bay, which was used as a measure of estuary condition. Mixed logit models with interactions between socio‐economic variables and the choice attributes were estimated to account for systematic and random taste heterogeneity across respondents. Results reveal considerable variation in preferences towards the attributes and show that value estimates are significantly impacted by the way in which we account for preference heterogeneity. Preference heterogeneity thus needs to be considered when estimating community willingness‐to‐pay for environmental changes. This study further shows little responsiveness to the presented changes in estuary seagrass area.