A hybrid modeling approach for resilient agri-supply network design in emerging countries: Colombian coffee supply chain

Sustainability and resilience in Agri-Food Supply Chains is a challenging topic of current interest in the research community. Resilience for Agri-Food Supply Chain (AFSC) is the capability of the supply network to manage and mitigate disruptions due to global warming and natural phenomena such as landslides and floods of crops, among others caused by humans. A significant challenge is to design efficient and resilient AFSCs in emerging countries while perishability constraints are considered. A methodology to design an AFSC for emerging countries is addressed in this research. The phenomena that aid in identifying critical aspects of the AFSC affecting their resilience are identified. The former approach combines optimization and simulation schemes by considering resilience metrics related to availability and connectivity. Indeed, the solution approach addresses the uncertainty by using simulation of disruptive events and finding resilient designs using mathematical programming. The proposed framework has been evaluated in a Colombian coffee supply chain. The obtained results show the efficiency of the proposed scheme to design AFSCs and allow the practitioners to measure, predict, compare, and improve the level of resilience of their supply chains (SCs).     

基于PLC的立体冷库控制系统设计

首先给出了冷链以及自动化立体仓库的相关重要概念,介绍了立体冷库系统的基本组成单元和系统控制要求,并且针对立体冷库控制系统需要完成的主要功能,提出了系统硬件配置中要采用的重要元器件,其主要包括可编程控制器（PLC）和传感器等,最后提供了部分关键环节的软件设计思路。实践表明,这种系统设计思想具有一定的工程应用价值和参考价值。     

数量折扣在供应链循环库存当中的应用研究

在简单分析数量折扣和循环库存的基本理论后,通过建立2种数量折扣的方案模型,对这2种模型进行深入分析,导出最佳批量,使得总成本实现最小化。文章在此基础上结合供应链循环库存自身的理论特点,对实施数量折扣的意义进行了阐述,并具体分析了数量折扣对循环库存所产生的建设性的影响及实施数量折扣方案的具体范围。     

如何建立有效的物资供应体系

物资供应是环环相扣的紧密闭合链，任何一个环节出问题．都会使这条连续的链断裂。因此，建立一套行之有效的物资供应体系以保障物资的正常流动对于企业的正常经营而言至关重要。本文按照一般物资供应的流程，分别从物资采购，物流管理，库存管理，供应体系评价四个部分来论述如何建立一套行之有效的体系以保障物资的正常供应，并对我国企业的物流管理提出若干建议。     

供应链环境下的装备维修器材保障

未来战争敌我双方的对抗在某种程度上将是物资器材保障体系之间的对抗。引入供应链管理思想构建装备维修器材保障供应链是一种适应新“两场”（市场经济、信息化战场）环境要求,提高装备维修器材保障能力和效益的有效途径。     

Forecasting and turning point predictions in a Bayesian panel VAR model

We provide methods for forecasting variables and predicting turning points in panel Bayesian VARs. We specify a flexible model, which accounts for both interdependencies in the cross section and time variations in the parameters. Posterior distributions for the parameters are obtained for hierarchical and for Minnesota-type priors. Formulas for multistep, multiunit point and average forecasts are provided. An application to the problem of forecasting the growth rate of output and of predicting turning points in the G-7 illustrates the approach. A comparison with alternative forecasting methods is also provided.     

Technical efficiency and use of information and communication technology in Spanish firms

The literature concerned with the relationship between performance and information and communications technology (ICT) is usually focused on the ICT investments. This paper shows that it is the level of use of ICT within organisations, with preference as regards the expenses of ICT, which is responsible for the effect on performance. A general sample of 2255 Spanish companies has been used. Firms’ performance is measured as technical efficiency, which is determined by a data envelopment analysis (DEA), in which special attention is paid to the problem of the outliers. Finally, the analysis of the level of use of ICT is focused on a key area of the organisations, the supply chain, which affects the technical efficiency of the firms analysed. Results show that there is evidence of a positive effect of the use of ICT on technical efficiency. This effect is especially notable at intensive use levels in activities related to operations/manufacturing, purchasing or sales.     

实施多种营销策略 扩大电力市场占有率

供电企业营销的4项重点工作是增加销售电量、合理合法执行电价、及时回收电费和加强供电服务,其中增加销售电量扩大市场占有率最为关键。分析了当前制约销售电量增加的主要因素,提出了扩大市场占有率的多种营销策略和途径。     

Economic design of an chart for short-run production

The aim of this paper is to present an economical design of an X chart for a short-run production. The process mean starts equal to μ₀ (in-control, State I) and in a random time it shifts to μ₁>μ₀ (out-of-control, State II). The monitoring procedure consists of inspecting a single item at every m produced ones. If the measurement of the quality characteristic does not meet the control limits, the process is stopped, adjusted, and additional (r-1) items are inspected retrospectively. The probabilistic model was developed considering only shifts in the process mean. A direct search technique is applied to find the optimum parameters which minimizes the expected cost function. Numerical examples illustrate the proposed procedure.     

Supply contract with options

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of an option contract for two companies of a supply chain: retailer and supplier. With an option contract the retailer orders a quantity of units and has the right to modify his order if necessary. A model to calculate the performance of an option contract in terms of contract value for the two companies engaged is presented. The two considered cases are multiple suppliers and one retailer, and one supplier and one retailer. The performance improvement obtained using this kind of contract is compared by simulation.