企业价值评价与知识增值的研究

价值分析是经济学中经常使用的一种方法,但在企业经营管理分析中却常被忽略。该研究将企业价值创造要素归结为劳动、知识和资本3种,通过对国内9个行业的实证研究及对四川托普软件股份有限公司的案例研究,建立起上述3种要素尤其是知识要素的测量方法,按照知识和资本维度对不同行业进行了分类,并归纳出企业的知识价值增值曲线。通过研究知识在企业价值创造过程中的作用,希望通过探讨知识的价值增值以促进企业分配制度的完善。     

公允价值的应用现状及其发展建议

中国新会计准则在诸多方面实现了突破,其中公允价值计量属性的运用可谓是最为引人注目的方面。公允价值计量属性的运用,是我国会计准则在国际趋同中迈出的实质性步伐,也标志着我国市场经济日趋成熟。但我国对公允价值的应用与国际相比还有一定差距,现有规定在实施中也面临一些困难,为进一步推行公允价值计量属性在会计准则中的应用,还应在政策制定、会计监管、评估市场、市场环境的完善和会计人员素质等方面做出一系列的努力。     

服务消费的满意度、感知价值与消费忠诚——医疗领域的一个实证研究

本文以济南某三甲医院的263名医疗服务消费者(患者)为样本,对服务消费者的满意度、感知价值和消费忠诚之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,满意度是感知价值影响消费忠诚的中介变量,感知价值是消费忠诚的最终来源。其应用意义在于,在医院管理中,不能仅停留于对患者满意度的测评,应在功能、情感、社会3个方面为患者提供高水平的服务。     

Surplus Value Production and Realization in Marxian Theory – Applications to the U.S., 1990–2015

ABSTRACT

Marx's Capital shows that surplus value can be produced in one industry, yet realized as profit (and possibly revenue) by other industries over the course of circulation. This paper highlights the separation between surplus value production and realization in Marx's work, and develops a new method for estimating surplus value production at the industry level to trace out transfers of surplus value across industries. The framework is based on the ‘New Interpretation’ and links money value added to surplus value production at the industry level. Data on value added by industry for the U.S. are used to estimate surplus value production by industry. The analysis allows comparison of surplus value production and realization in each industry. The pattern of differentials between surplus value creation and realization across industries sheds light on the processes of capitalist competition and points to a source of instability for capitalist economies.     

The future of farming: The value of ecosystem services in conventional and organic arable land. An experimental approach

In the current work, a novel, experimental ‘bottom-up’ approach is used to quantify the economic value of ecosystem services (ES) associated with highly modified arable landscapes in Canterbury, New Zealand. First, the role of land management practices in the maintenance and enhancement of ES in agricultural land was investigated by quantifying the economic value of ES at the field level under organic and conventional arable systems. This quantification was based on an experimental approach in contrast with earlier value transfer methods. Total economic value of ES in organic fields ranged from US $1610 to US $19,420 ha^− 1 yr^− 1 and that of conventional fields from US $1270 to US $14,570 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. The non-market value of ES in organic fields ranged from US $460 to US $5240 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. The range of non-market values of ES in conventional fields was US $50 — 1240 ha^− 1 yr^− 1. There were significant differences between organic and conventional fields for the economic values of some ES. Next, this economic information was used to extrapolate and to calculate the total and non-market value of ES in Canterbury arable land. The total annual economic and non-market values of ES for the conventional arable area in Canterbury (125,000 ha) were US $332 million and US $71 million, respectively. If half the arable area under conventional farming shifted to organic practices, the total economic value of ES would be US $192 million and US $166 million annually for organic and conventional arable area, respectively. In this case, the non-market value of ES for the organic area was US $65 million and that of conventional area was US $35 million annually. This study demonstrated that arable farming provides a range of ES which can be measured using field experiments based on ecological principles by incorporating a ‘bottom-up’ approach. The work also showed that conventional New Zealand arable farming practices can severely reduce the financial contribution of some of these services in agriculture whereas organic agricultural practices enhance their economic value.     

Removing an ‘insuperable obstacle’ in the way of an objectivist analysis: Sraffa's attempts at fixed capital *

Abstract

The paper discusses Sraffa's consecutive attempts in the late 1920s and early 1940s to tackle a problem which endangered his objectivist, surplus-based approach to the theory of value and distribution aimed at reviving the standpoint of the classical economists. Whilst with circulating capital the value transfer to the product and the physical ‘destruction’ of the input are one and the same thing, with fixed capital this is not so. Sraffa eventually overcame the difficulty in terms of the joint products-method. This allowed him to explain relative prices and the rate of profits strictly in ‘material terms’.     

新创意经济:信息化与创意产业的结合

新创意经济是伴随着信息化的发展而产生的,它推动了创意产业的发展,产生了巨大的经济效应,改变了人们的生活方式,体现出巨大的优越性。同时,新创意经济在发展过程中也暴露出了一些问题,例如知识产权问题。解决这些问题需要政府、高校、企业以及社会各界的共同努力,以使新创意经济在信息社会发挥更大的作用。     

价值创造视角下浙商龙头企业商业模式演化机制——基于浙江物产的案例研究

价值创造视角有利于动态考察商业模式演化机制。文章基于价值创造视角,建构并运用PCAA分析框架,选取浙商龙头企业浙江物产进行纵向案例研究,在时间序列层次上,分析了浙江物产发展不同阶段商业模式要素变化情况及商业模式演进。研究发现：（1）商业模式演化是商业模式创新的发展序列,是企业外部环境和企业内在要求共同作用的系统过程,企业发展不同阶段核心要素的变化与商业模式组成维度的演进具有价值创造的动态一致性,其目的都是为了维持企业竞争优势。（2）基于价值创造视角,企业的价值主张由经济价值、能力价值向关系价值演化,价值创造由模块化组织、模块化簇群向无边界企业演化,价值分配与获取也由产业内的内部系统整合、产业内的外部系统整合向产业外的内部系统整合演化。研究深化了商业模式动态性的理解,丰富了浙商商业模式的研究,并为企业管理者和政策制定者提供理论指导。     

Has the IASB Been Successful in Making Accounting Earnings More Useful for Prediction and Valuation? UK Evidence

When producing International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), one of the main goals of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) was to create a set of standards which were more useful to investors as a predictive tool. We assess the success of the IASB in achieving this goal by investigating the effects of the introduction of IFRS on the relative information content of reported earnings and forecasted earnings under UK generally accepted accounting practices (GAAP) and IFRS. Results indicate that the value relevance of forecasted earnings is significantly lower under IFRS while the value relevance of reported earnings is significantly larger. These findings suggest that IFRS substitutes price‐relevant information previously provided to the market in the form of analyst forecasts with information encoded by companies in their reported earnings. This implies that the IASB was indeed successful in its stated goal and points towards IFRS forecasts being more accurate and less dispersed than UK GAAP forecasts. This, in turn, implies that analysts are able to provide more informative forecasts under IFRS than under pre‐IFRS regimes and that the aforementioned substitution effect is not a consequence of any decrease in the quality of forecasts under the new regime.     

On a rank-order test for the equality of probability of an event

Abstract

The following situation is considered. A fixed number (= n) or sequence of independent trials T ₁ T ₂,…, T _n is given, and in each of these an event E mayor may not occur, It is further observed that the event E occurs a total of k times amongst the n trials T _i , (i = l,…, n). It is then required to test the hypothesis H ₀ that the probability of the occurrence of E is constant from trial to trial, i.e. H ₀ is the hypothesis: p ₁ = p ₂ = ? = p _n = p, if p _n (i = 1, …, n) represents the probability that E occurs on the ith trial.