“跨境游道”建设的国际经验与启示

“跨境游道”是国际上具有影响力和发展潜力的旅游产品之一,开发和建设“跨境游道”可以促进边境地区旅游发展和经济增长。“欧洲自行车游道网”“迪纳里卡徒步游道”以及非洲的跨境猎游游道的建设实践表明,“跨境游道”建设需要构建稳定可靠的“共同资金”保障机制,形成统一协调的“协同管理”运行机制,建立高效便捷的“自由通行”签证制度,并注重绿色环保的“和谐共生”游客体验。借鉴国际经验：中国应以开放合作促进边境旅游新突破,积极推进“跨境游道”的开发建设;以机制创新建设高质量“跨境游道”,构建有效的共同投资、协同管理和便利过境制度体系和运行机制;以绿色安全旅游实现“跨境游道”可持续发展,切实保护生态环境和游客安全。     

Estimating the effects of regional political climate on Russian tourists to Spain

Regional political climate has become an increasingly significant force influencing travel behaviour in many tourist destinations. This paper attempts to address impacts of regional political stability on Russian inbound tourism into Spain within a demand model framework and using a cointegration approach. The results show that visa openness as well as political instability and civil unrest in substitute destinations attract more Russian tourists, boosting economic growth and reducing unemployment rates in Spain. On the contrary, international political confrontation results in disadvantage to Russian tourism demand to Spain.     

Immigration policy index

The immigration policy index is based on three types of entry visa restrictions: visa required, visa not required for short stays and visa not required. I identify country pairs which changed their visa regime during 2000–2010 and find that the weakening of visa policy is associated with a 10 percent increase in migrant stocks and a significant shift towards male and less skilled migration from policy affected source countries. In contrast, the tightening of visa policy is not related to a significant change in migrant stocks, their gender or skill composition. The result suggests the existence of immigration policy hysteresis.     

浅谈设计变更、现场签证对控制工程造价的影响

设计变更和现场签证的控制,对施工进度和工程质量及造价控制的重要性。     

浅谈工程结算审核

结算审核是基本建设项目竣工决算审计的重要环节,具有政策性强、涉及面广、技术性高的特点,必须做好审核实施工作,明确审核内容,突出审核重点,以有效保证结算审核质量。     

工程结算审核工作研究报告

文章通过结合自身工作的实际情况,分析了在结算审核工作中存在的问题,对相关问题提出了解决方案,并在实践中收到了较好的效果,一定程度上解决了结算审核工作中出现的问题,达到了节约建设资金,提高资金使用效率的目的。     

关于YJ项目设计变更及签证管理的研究

本文结合工程实例分析了YJ项目设计变更及工程签证管理中存在的问题。在此基础上提出了一些加强设计变更和工程签证管理的措施。     

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF VISA RESTRICTIONS ON TOURISM: A CASE OF TWO EVENTS IN CHINA

Increasing attention has been paid to evaluate the impacts of large scale events on tourism demand. For providing policy suggestions, it should consider the economic impact of both events themselves and other factors. This paper evaluates the economic effects of visa restrictions on tourism as a result of the 1989 Tian’an Men Square Incident and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games by using an innovative combination of econometric and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The results show that both events generated economic losses. The unexpected negative economic impact of the Beijing Olympics seems attributable to visa restrictions. Suggestions for the alleviation of the negative impact of visa regulations are provided.     

国际贸易投资中的签证壁垒辨析

签证壁垒不属于非关税壁垒,而是服务贸易壁垒中自然人流动壁垒是一种间接但明显的歧视性服务贸易壁垒.由于国家安全、经济利益、非法移民和法律差异等因素,签证壁垒不仅存在,而且不会消除.签证壁垒中的一些偏颇观点需要澄清,以免在寻找解决办法时陷入误区.