Changes in food provision in Russian households experiencing perestroika

The purpose of this article is to describe how households in Novgorod the Great, Russia, deal with food provision in everyday life. The study focuses on changes experienced in food provision and consumption in Russian society, in order to illustrate how households respond to the transformation towards a market economy. The study reflects women's perspective on food provision. Students from Novgorod the Great visited 105 households and asked the women in the household to answer a questionnaire. Results from the study show that in order to cope with changes in society related to economic reforms, Russian households had changed both their food consumption and food production patterns. There was no big difference between urban and rural households. Nearly all of the households were self‐sufficient in the provision of vegetables and potatoes. Many households had a ‘dacha’ (plot), where they produced most of what they needed. Among the changes experienced during recent years (i.e. during the end of the 1990s), a decade after perestroika was initiated, households mentioned the rise in food prices and the decrease of income. Households reported that they consumed less fruit and/or meat. Some households also mentioned that the quality of nourishment had decreased, thereby indicating lower general quality, lower nutrition value, or less healthy foodstuffs.     

Planning food services for a campus setting

Providing appropriate food services in a campus setting is increasingly important due to more demanding customers and because clients have less time to go off-campus when they need to eat. Using a university campus as an example, this research looks at customer satisfaction with existing food services and explores various methods for determining where to locate new facilities. This campus currently has great needs for additional food services, and it is shown clearly where additional food services are required. Also, the methods used are compared in terms of their effectiveness in finding the solution.     

中国转基因食品安全管理的现状及对策

转基因食品是当今世界各国基因研究的重点。我国的转基因技术发展迅速,但科学界在转基因食品对人类健康和生态风险方面的认识存在局限性,政府应制定相应的政策、措施对其进行安全管理。本文介绍了转基因食品的概念及在我国的发展情况,分析了我国转基因食品安全管理的现状,阐述了转基因食品安全管理的重要性,并针对其中存在的问题,提出相应的对策。     

Cross-national adoption of private food quality standards

Retailer initiated food quality standards are important elements to market food and agricultural products. However, farmers’ certification proceeds at an unequal speed worldwide with some countries representing a large number of certified producers and others representing very few, if any. This study aims at analysing the adoption of two private food standards, BRC Food Technical Standard and GlobalGAP, at an aggregated cross-country level using data of 2007. Negative binomial models are applied to quantify the determinants of standards’ spread at an aggregated level. The results of the econometric analysis reveal some (potential) barriers for farms and firms in developing countries to access this type of organisational innovation. Certificates of both standards seem to be issued more likely in countries with established trade relations with Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, home countries of the standards. Furthermore, larger countries and countries with better institutional quality host more certified firms. Finally, a country’s level of economic development displays a clear non-monotonic relationship to the number of certified enterprises. Although no evidence for a general exclusion of developing countries can be found, the main implication of this paper is that third-party certification for export purposes seems to reinforce already existing trade relations, potentially hampering new entrants.     

Estimation of investment costs in fish processing plants

Investment costs for fish processing plants are hereby presented along with a detailed analysis of different types of processes in relation to economies of scale.The cost-capacity factor for fish industry is estimated as 0.84, except for fish meal plants where the cost-capacity factor is 0.61.It is also discussed how technology, capacity and location in developed and developing countries can affect investment costs for fish processing plants, while cost-capacity factors remain unchanged.The concept of minimum limit for industrial capacity is included. Investment costs for minimum size plants or plants below minimum size are even greater than what would correspond to the correlation line. This is due to the need to incorporate one or more oversized pieces of equipment.     

新疆发展蔬菜产业、稳定蔬菜价格的对策研究

蔬菜价格是推高居民消费价格总水平（CPI）的重要因素之一。进入2012年,新疆蔬菜价格呈现快速上涨态势,价格持续维持高位运行,居高不下,对城乡居民生活水平影响较大。本文从2012年上半年蔬菜价格变动特点入手,分析了蔬菜生产、流通等方面存在的问题及其价格偏高的原因,提出了促进设施蔬菜生产、保供应、稳价格的政策建议。     

福建食品安全监管体系先行先试研究

通过探讨食品质量安全标准与规范以及食品卫生监管问题,立足供应链,从政府、企业和消费者的角度,提出福建省食品安全监管体系先行先试的对策建议。     

Understanding the role of situational factors on online grocery shopping among older adults

This paper seeks to identify the situational factors that drive the adoption of online grocery shopping among older adults. A two-step research process is employed. First, exploratory qualitative research is carried out to identify situational factors that older adults take into account when deciding whether to buy groceries online. This is followed by a conjoint experiment to determine which situational factors are considered most important when making such a decision. The sample consisted of 9 participants in the in-depth individual interviews and 206 respondents in the conjoint experiment. The findings indicate that health, mobility issues, and distance to a store are the most important situational factors driving older adults to buy groceries online. Moreover, the findings confirm that the adoption of online grocery shopping among older adults is a result of a complex trade-off of situational variables. The findings contribute to managerial practice by providing online grocery retailers with insight that can be applied when designing promotional programs targeted at older adults.     

出口食品农产品检验检疫风险评价体系的建立

利用美国M IL-STD-822B标准的原理和方法构建了出口食品农产品检验检疫风险评价矩阵,首次定义了检验检疫风险事故是不合格产品引起的国内外不良反应,并制定了风险事故后果的严重等级划分标准,确立了以一年内发生风险事故的频次作为风险事故发生概率的原则;同时依据欧盟2002/63/EC指令对风险评价结果制定了以连续459批为一个监控周期的抽样方案。根据风险评价体系,将出口食品农产品检验检疫风险设置为5个风险等级：HHH、HH、H、M和L,依据监控抽样的检测结果可以对具体出口企业和产品进行风险等级加严或放宽的动态调节。     

婴幼儿食品微生物及微生物毒素调查分析

对婴幼儿食品（配方乳粉、补充谷物、饼干和罐头）分别进行微生物污染以及微生物毒素调查。调查结果表明：357份婴幼儿食品均未检出沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;11份婴幼儿配方乳粉、1份补充谷物和1份饼干食品中检出坂崎肠杆菌,检出率分别为4.2%,2.4%和2.5%;检出1份补充谷物菌落总数超过国家标准最高安全限量值。13份婴幼儿配方乳粉和3份补充谷物检出肠杆菌科细菌,检出率分别为32.5%和7.1%;14份（婴幼儿）配方乳粉、2份婴幼儿罐头检出蜡样芽孢杆菌,检出率分别为35%和20%;1份婴幼儿配方乳粉检出黄曲霉毒素M1超标。婴幼儿食品存在微生物及其微生物毒素污染的风险,应加强对婴幼儿食品的致病微生物及其毒素的监测和监管。