试论“三农”问题

全面建设小康社会,就是要建设一个惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的、更全面的、发展比较均衡的小康社会,其难点和重点都在“三农”问题。当前农业和农村发展还处在艰难的阶段,农村基础设施薄弱、公共服务不足、农民收入增长困难问题还很突出,农业、农村仍然是我国经济社会发展中最薄弱的环节。“三农”问题是阻碍中国经济社会发展的“瓶颈”,也是全面建设小康社会的“瓶颈”。     

农业国际化与我国农产品贸易优势

农业国际化是全球农业生产力水平不断提高的结果,而加入世贸组织极大地促进和推动了我国农业的国际化进程。文章借助世贸组织前后我国农产品国际贸易数据．分别计算我国农产品产业内贸易和产业间贸易的发展指数,实证分析了我国农产品在世贸组织前后竞争优势的演变．并对进一步增强我国农产品竞争优势提出具体的政策建议。     

FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO COOPERATE IN ECOSYSTEM SERVICE PROVISION: DOES TRUST MATTER?

Ecosystem service provision in agriculture may require cooperation between farmers. Trust fosters cooperation in many economic and social interactions and is important to the success of traditional agricultural cooperatives. Little is known about how trust affects farmers’ willingness to cooperate to provide an ecosystem service, what types of trust are most important, and under what conditions trust may matter. In this study, we present results of a survey of Missouri crop farmers exploring the role trust plays in farmers’ stated willingness to cooperate to control pests. We find that most farmers say they are willing to cooperate, and most farmers are willing to trust others. However, we find little evidence that trust positively influences farmers’ willingness to cooperate to control pests. Instead, we find that trust may only matter under certain conditions, such as when participants’ farms are dissimilar, and that other determinants, such as the perceived benefit of cooperation and environmental concern, are more important than trust to farmers who are contemplating cooperation to control pests.     

基于财政支农资金整合的理性反思与展望

改革以来,尽管财政部一直强调要加强财政支农资金管理,但依然存在财政支农效率低下的问题。2006年5月我国启动财政支农资金整合试点,但整合的难度大、成本高,在经济上未必合理。为破解财政支农难题,本文在系统梳理财政支农存在问题的基础上,对整合财政支农的可行性进行了深层剖析,并基于财政、金融支农比较优势整合观,提出了政府应在深刻认知财政支农规律的基础上将财政支农与金融支农予以整合的政策建议。     

Estimating the impact of rural investments in Nepal

As a largely rural society, most people in Nepal still depend upon agriculture as their major livelihood strategy. Therefore, it is important to improve the allocation efficiency of limited public expenditures to promote agricultural growth and poverty reduction. However, evaluating the returns of public investment is limited by methodological challenges. We use hedonic and panel data methods to examine the returns to different types of rural public investments including roads, irrigation and extension advice. The use of diverse identification strategies reduces the risk of using a narrower set of results driven primarily by a particular methodology. We find that rural roads and irrigation are one of the most productive public expenditures according to the benefit-cost ratio calculations, though the magnitudes of these ratios depend on methodology.     

失衡与重构:新农村建设中的组织问题

农村的困境在于受土地生产力产出递减规律的支配,小农生产方式潜力的逐渐枯竭,而缺乏组织的参与又难于顺利使之转向到以价值为特征的社会化、集团化的大生产。新农村建设的提出,无疑为农村发展提供了一种全新的战略设想,要使这一设想能够有效解决农村发展和转型所面临的一系列的难题,需要我们对农村的组织问题进行必要的梳理。只有把农民组织起来,才能建设社会主义新农村,只有使农民摆脱无组织的个体状态,才能使农村走上自主性的发展之路。     

A critique of high-value supply chains as a means of modernising agriculture in China: The case of the beef industry

China has embarked on an agricultural modernisation program with far-reaching implications for rural development, food safety and trade. A major focus of China’s agricultural modernisation program has been to build high-value supply chains and large, modern agro-industrial enterprises. This paper provides a critique of these efforts in the case of the high-value beef supply chain. It finds that interventionist policies to fast-track the development of high-value supply chains have perverse outcomes and that a more incremental and facilitative approach to modernisation should be pursued based around the development of mid-value supply chains.     

商部的设立与清末农业的振兴

清末时期,面对传统农业的困境和西方对中国农业的冲击,商部(农工商部)作为新设的专门管理全国实业的中央机构,采取了调查农情,重视垦荒种植,改良棉业,提倡蚕桑,振兴茶业,讲求农学,劝设农事试验场,劝办农会等一系列政策措施,促进了清末农业的发展,推动了中国农业现代化进程。     

面对WTO吉林省应如何调整农业政策

农业政策历来是指导农业生产经营的强有力的武器,面对WTO,我国的农业政策必须进行调整。而作为农业大省的吉林省,更应为了适应WTO的规则,适时调整农业政策。找出与国际接轨的农村经济发展规律,促进农村经济的发展。     

信息不对称在农业保险中的表现极其防范

信息不对称严重阻碍了农业保险的健康发展，建议通过建立克服农业保险中信息不对称的有效体系，以促进我国农业保险的健康发展。