Promoting Development of Agricultural Science and Technology by the Drive of Banking and Finance

在论述中共中央第9个一号文件重大意义和我国农业科技面临诸多问题的基础上,相应对金融和财政部门“两轮驱动”,合力推动农业科技跨越发展,促进农业增产、农民增收、农村发展提出了十三条具体建议,以起到以点带面的作用,供探讨。     

农超对接风险识别与防范对策研究

农超对接试点成功后已经进入全面推广应用阶段,认清农超对接风险隐患对于促进农超对接健康发展具有重要意义。在识别农超对接行为风险、契约风险、市场风险和突发风险四个主要风险源的基础上,分析了农超对接风险的传导路径,最后从农民专业合作社管理和发展、对接平台建设、行业监管和超市社会责任建设三个方面提出了防范对策。     

构建现代农村支付结算体系的实践：“惠农一卡通”模式

农业银行山东省分行推出的“惠农一卡通”新型农村金融服务模式,以惠农卡为载体,以现代化的非现金支付结算为手段,推进农村支付体系建设,着力改善农村用卡环境,具有功能完备、流程简约、渠道丰富、风险控制严密的产品特质以及易被快速复制并延展服务的特色属性,有效整合了银行产品与服务渠道,保证了支付效率和资金安全。     

和谐社会视角下农村普惠金融发展思考——以青海农牧区为例

普惠金融是以贫困及低收入人口为目标客户,向他们提供贷款、储蓄和其他基本的金融服务,帮助他们脱贫致富,是构建和谐社会的助推器.青海农牧区作为欠发达的偏远地区,市场化进程的迟缓和金融需求的特殊性,使普惠金融的不可或缺性更加突出.通过建设普惠型的农村金融服务体系,为广大农牧民提供有效的、全方位的金融服务,是全面推进和谐社会进程的重要保障.目前青海农牧区金融发展滞后,农牧民特别是贫困农牧户和小微企业难以获得正常金融服务,导致地区差距不断扩大.为此,需要积极探索农牧区普惠金融的发展路径,进一步强化金融对农牧区贫困及低收入人群的服务功能,尽快改善低收入者的经济状况及收入水平,提高农牧民的生活质量,实现农牧区的和谐发展.     

Environmental evaluation of agri-environment schemes using participatory approaches: Experiences of testing the Agri-Environmental Footprint Index

The Agri-Environment Footprint Index (AFI) has been developed as a generic methodology to assess changes in the overall environmental impacts from agriculture at the farm level and to assist in the evaluation of European agri-environmental schemes (AES). The methodology is based on multi-criteria analysis (MCA) and involves stakeholder participation to provide a locally customised evaluation based on weighted environmental indicators. The methodology was subjected to a feasibility assessment in a series of case studies across the EU. The AFI approach was able to measure significant differences in environmental status between farms that participated in an AES and non-participants. Wider environmental concerns, beyond the scheme objectives, were also considered in some case studies and the benefits for identification of unintentional (and often beneficial) impacts of AESs are presented. The participatory approach to AES evaluation proved efficient in different environments and administrative contexts. The approach proved to be appropriate for environmental evaluation of complex agri-environment systems and can complement any evaluation conducted under the Common Monitoring and Evaluation Framework. The applicability of the AFI in routine monitoring of AES impacts and in providing feedback to improve policy design is discussed.     

农村法制体系构建之初探

"三农"问题目前成为困扰我国社会和经济发展中的重要问题,对它的解决成为各界关注的焦点。本文试图通过阐述法制环境的建立对于"三农"问题的必要性,来探索建立农村法制体系,将"三农"问题放置于法律视野中进行规范,尝试对此问题进行解决。     

美国农业补贴体系的构建与借鉴

本文结合美国农业新政的发展动向,详细分析了美国农业补贴政策体系的内容。我国应借鉴美国的成功经验,适时调整农业补贴方式的制度设计和补贴结构。     

Leveraging agriculture for nutrition in South Asia: What do we know,and what have we learned?

Despite significant improvements over recent decades, rates of undernutrition remain high in South Asia, with adverse impacts on morbidity and mortality. Overweight/obesity, among children and adults, is now an additional and major public health concern. While agriculture has the potential to improve nutrition through several pathways, this potential is currently not being realised in the region. The Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia (LANSA) research consortium (2012–2018) set out to improve understanding about how agriculture and related food policies and programs in South Asia (specifically in India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Afghanistan) can be better conceptualised and implemented in order to enhance impacts on nutrition outcomes, especially those of young children and adolescent girls. This paper provides a snapshot of the agriculture-nutrition nexus in the region, outlines the pathways through which agriculture can influence nutrition outcomes, elaborates on the objectives of the LANSA research consortium within this context, and highlights the core findings of the six papers that form the body of this Special Issue. The paper ends with five key lessons that have emerged from this research, during this decade.     

Large agricultural investments in Kenya’s Nanyuki Area: Inventory and analysis of business models

Many experts agree that more agricultural investment is needed in the global South to improve local food security and reduce poverty. However, there is a lack of consensus about the types of investment needed to achieve these goals. This paper contributes to the literature on large agricultural investments and corresponding business models by inventorying and analysing such investments in Kenya’s Nanyuki area. We identify four clusters of business models that differ primarily by type of production and other distinct determinants, namely: demand from markets; access to land; land tenure regime and colonial history; actors involved; biophysical context; labour availability; and governance of the value chain via private standards. The study results shed light on the factors that help or hinder implementation of large agricultural investments and shape their impacts in the context of African land use systems. The way land is accessed represents one of the most-decisive factors determining the risks and opportunities associated with such projects. We find that most investments in the Nanyuki area occur on land bought or leased from private owners.     

Women’s agricultural work and nutrition in South Asia: From pathways to a cross-disciplinary,grounded analytical framework

In this systematic review, we aim to examine the impact of women’s work in agriculture on maternal and child nutrition in South Asia. Building on previous reviews supported under the Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia (LANSA) consortium, and recent published literature, we include findings from new LANSA research. While mapping literature onto the gender-nutrition pathways linking agriculture to nutrition (Kadiyala et al., 2014), we also point to conceptual and methodological directions for further exploration emerging from our work. Key amongst these are a focus on seasonality, poverty, and gender relations, moving beyond both an exclusive focus on women as a unified and homogenous group, and agriculture as an unchanging and common set of activities and production processes. Our analysis suggests the need for a more contextualised approach, and for a richer cross-disciplinary framework for effectively addressing the ways in which women’s work mediates agriculture’s role in improving child and maternal nutrition in South Asia.