Forest management under fire risk when forest carbon sequestration has value

We develop a multiple forest use model to determine the optimal harvest date for a forest stand producing both timber and carbon benefits under a risk of fire. An empirical application is provided for a forest owner producing maritime pine in Southwest of France. Our results indicate that a higher risk of fire will decrease the optimal rotation period. On the contrary, higher carbon prices increase the optimal harvesting age. To investigate the contradictory effects of fire risk and carbon price on forest rotation, we identify the set of carbon prices and fire risks that lead to a given rotation age. We also show that forest owner's willingness to pay for a risk reduction can be substantial (37.33 euros by ha and by year to reduce the annual fire risk from 1.26% to 0.07%).     

Biological conservation in dynamic agricultural landscapes: Effectiveness of public policies and trade-offs with agricultural production

Land use change and land management intensification are major drivers of biodiversity loss, especially in agricultural landscapes, that cover a large and increasing share of the world's surface. Incentive-based agri-environmental policies are designed to influence farmers' land-use decisions in order to mitigate environmental degradation. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes for biological conservation in a dynamic agricultural landscape under economic uncertainty. We develop a dynamic ecological economic model of agricultural land-use and spatially explicit population dynamics. We then relate policies (subsidies to grassland, taxation of agricultural intensity) to the ecological outcome (probability of persistence of a species of interest). We also analyze the associated trade-offs between agricultural production (in value) and biological conservation (in probability of persistence) at the landscape scale.     

江苏粮食生产地域分化的耕地因素分解

以粮食产量计算模型为基础,将粮食生产分解成耕地利用的数量、结构、强度、广度4个因子.以江苏省为例,从省域-分区域-地市等不同空间尺度,分析粮食生产的耕地因子过程,比较各地粮食生产变化的差异及其耕地利用变化的成因.结果显示:1990年代中期以来,江苏粮食生产区域分化显著,南部耕地大幅减少、有限耕地的生产功能减退,导致粮食生产全面萎缩;中北部耕地利用集约度提升,粮食生产功能总体趋于强化.影响各地市粮食生产变化的主导因子各有不同:粮食单产是连云港、盐城、宿迁、扬州、泰州5市粮食增产的主导因子,结构调整是南京、徐州、南通粮食减产、淮安粮食增产的主导因素;复种指数调减是苏州、无锡粮食生产衰退的首要因子.     

Monetary–fiscal policy interactions and fiscal stimulus

Increases in government spending trigger substitution effects—both inter- and intra-temporal—and a wealth effect. The ultimate impacts on the economy hinge on current and expected monetary and fiscal policy behavior. Studies that impose active monetary policy and passive fiscal policy typically find that government consumption crowds out private consumption: higher future taxes create a strong negative wealth effect, while the active monetary response increases the real interest rate. This paper estimates Markov-switching policy rules for the United States and finds that monetary and fiscal policies fluctuate between active and passive behavior. When the estimated joint policy process is imposed on a conventional new Keynesian model, government spending generates positive consumption multipliers in some policy regimes and in simulated data in which all policy regimes are realized. The paper reports the model's predictions of the macroeconomic impacts of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act's implied path for government spending under alternative monetary–fiscal policy combinations.     

Assessing cross-cultural marketing theory and research

A content analysis of 99 articles focuses on the comparative cross-cultural marketing research in 14 leading marketing and business journals from 1990 to 2008. The content analysis indicates strong growth in cross-cultural studies, especially in terms of studies on consumer attitudes and behavior and on promotion-related topics. This study classifies articles according to a series of conceptual (e.g., cultural dimensions employed in the study) and methodological (e.g., use of analytical technique) criteria. Although researchers have advanced in both conceptual and methodological respects, the studies still focus strongly on the dimensions from Hofstede (2001); methodologically, the dominance of two-country studies is problematic. Further, survey data from North America and Europe and researchers based and trained in North America and Europe are still dominant in the research field.     

碳关税与减缓气候变化

通过国际贸易与气候变化的关系,本文审视了碳关税作为贸易领域减缓气候变化措施尚存在的问题,认为即使碳关税为世贸组织所接受,在传统意义上也未必能成为一种有效的保护产业竞争力的手段,在亟需全球合作的时刻反而会适得其反。目前,全球的产业合作协定、技术共享等可能更为有效。从长期看,碳关税成为气候政策的一部分将是必不可少的,它可以成为减缓和适应气候变化的重要措施,中国须未雨绸缪。     

诱致性制度变迁下的农民合作社发展路径研究

根据我国农村经济的发展现状,专门从诱致性制度变迁的视角深入分析合作社的产生机理及未来发展方向。在分析促使合作社产生和发展的诱致性变迁因素的基础上,以股份合作制为例提出诱致性制度变迁视角下我国农民合作社未来发展路径的制度安排。     

论非物质文化遗产保护与开发的关系——以桂林市为例

对非物质文化遗产,国内一直存在很多争论,其本质是保护重要还是开发重要的问题,也由此形成了很多的观点,大多数观点都是把保护与开发看做是对立的。事实上应该打破保护与开发的"对立性",建立"同一性",二者是互为手段,互相促进的。保护与开发不能确定哪个更重要,但是可以肯定的是,先有保护才会有开发。以桂林为例,应对非物质文化遗产进行分类处理,并在保护中做好开发与创新,最终实现非物质文化遗产保护与开发的协调一致和非物质文化遗产的活态存续以及创新发展。     

经济视角下澳门高等教育发展的历史与现状

考察澳门经济与高等教育发展的历史,可以看到澳门经济的增长速度与模式深刻地影响和制约着高等教育的发展。澳门回归以来,特区政府审时度势地提出了教育兴澳的战略思想并加大了对高等教育的经费投入,使高等教育在经济发展中的地位日益彰显;另一方面,澳门经济中过度重商与博彩业一业独大的特质,以及完全以市场为导向的高校办学机制,又制约着高等教育的进一步发展。为此,必须通过适度发展多元经济,增加高校筹资渠道,提升高校研究能力,推进办学国际化进程,拓展办学空间等措施来加以解决。     

海西建设背景下的福建文化旅游发展研究

文化旅游在当前的旅游产业中具有重要的功能。目前福建的文化旅游面临良好的机遇和发展空间,但也存在着一些问题与不足。在海西经济区建设的背景下,福建应充分挖掘文化旅游资源特色,发挥文化旅游开发的优势条件,实现福建文化旅游的深度开发,打造“海峡旅游”品牌,提升福建旅游竞争力。