论“三层次”税收公平观与中国税收公平机制重塑

传统税收公平观存在明显的局限性,主要表现为考察的视野不开阔和涵盖的内容不丰富.所以,对税收公平的理解和判断,必须延伸到经济的、社会的角度,应当建立起包含税收的负担公平、税收的经济公平和税收的社会公平三个层次的广义的税收公平观,这样才能真正把握税收公平的全部内涵.根据这一思路,对中国现行税制的公平性进行了全面考量,发现存在诸多有悖于税收公平的因素,并提出了重塑中国税收公平机制的具体构想.     

基于促进公平的社会保障制度建设问题探析

公平性是马克思主义社会保障思想的基石,坚持社会保障公平性,就能使社会保障制度起到社会安全网和稳定器作用。而我国现行的社会保障制度还很不完善,没有很好发挥其调节收入差距、维护社会公平的职能,甚至在某种程度上还起着"逆调节"作用。对此,必须以促进社会公平为基点,通过扩大覆盖范围、优化制度设计、提高统筹层次和立法等途径,加快我国社会保障制度建设。     

Harmonizing conflict in husband–wife purchase decision making: perceived fairness and spousal influence dynamics

To market important products to families successfully, salespeople must understand how couples behave in concert to resolve conflict across major decisions. The authors develop a model of spousal fairness and test it with a study of multi-period family purchase decision making. The results show that a spousal sense of fairness serves as a mechanism for contemporary couples to harmonize conflict over time in family decisions. Specifically, spouses’ perceived fairness mediates the relationship between spousal prior influence and spousal decision behavior in subsequent decisions. Spouses also consider their partner’s perceptions of fairness when taking action to restore fairness. Moreover, the effects of perceived fairness are moderated by spousal traits of empathy, egalitarianism, and empowerment in a gendered pattern.

公共政策公共性视角下公平与效率问题综述

关于如何解决公平与效率的关系,有学者把优先权交给平等,有学者把优先权交给效率,有学者为了平衡公平和效率的关系做了一个妥协,还有些学者认为政府管公平、市场管效率。无论怎样,实现公平和效率的动态平衡,是一个社会系统工程,需要建立完善的公共政策体系。     

关于企业人力资源管理中的公平问题的探讨

公平性作为企业人力资源管理的基本原则,实际上与目前我国收入分配领域的问题有相通之处,公平性与效率是矛盾统一体,要实现企业人力资源管理的公平,必须正确认识公平性在企业人力资源管理中的具体概念和具体表现,本文就此两项进行深入探讨,主要从制度建设、薪酬体系和绩效考核等三个方面提出解决办法。     

Linking job insecurity to well-being and organizational attitudes in Belgian workers: the role of security expectations and fairness

The aim of this study was to investigate how perceptions of job insecurity and fairness associate with individual well-being (job satisfaction and general health) and organizational attitudes (organizational commitment and turnover intention), under the condition that the psychological contract as perceived by the employee includes a promise on job security, or not. More specifically, we suggest that (H1) job insecurity is negatively related to individual well-being and organizational commitment and positively related to turnover intentions when job security is expected as part of the psychological contract, (H2) that job insecurity is negatively related to fairness perceptions when job security is expected as part of the psychological contract, (H3) that fairness associates positively with individual well-being and organizational commitment and negatively with turnover intentions and (H4) that the association between job insecurity, individual well-being and organizational outcomes is mediated by fairness under the condition that job security is expected as part of the psychological contract. Thus, we propose a model of mediated moderation. Results based on a sample of Belgian employees (N = 559) supported our hypotheses for organizational outcomes. For individual well-being, the mediation framework was not conditional upon a perceived promise of job security as part of the psychological contract. We conclude that employees' perceptions of job insecurity and fairness are important factors in employees' well-being and their attitudes towards the organization. More importantly, these perceptions can in part be shaped by organizational agents such as managers and supervisors. Additionally, the active utilization of the psychological contract in management strategies seems to have favourable results for the fostering of pro-organizational attitudes among employees.     

Human Resource Management Practices and Trust in Public Organizations

Abstract

Trust has been acknowledged as a valuable managerial resource within organizations. Working as a lubricant of organizational functioning, trust reduces opportunistic behaviours while it increases voluntary compliance to organizational norms and rules as well as enhancing individual and organizational performance. Considering the importance of trust, it is worthwhile to explore what factors may help build trust within organizations. This research investigates whether perceptions of several human resource management (HRM) practices are associated with trust in government organizations. According to social exchange theory, HRM practices signal management's commitment to employees which in turn leads to greater trust in the organization. Using data from an employee survey conducted for the Georgia Department of Transportation in 2007, this research tests how employee perceptions of HRM practices are related to trust in three distinct levels of management in a large department of state government: trust in department leadership, trust in one's leadership team, and trust in one's supervisor. Binary logit analyses suggest that perceptions of HRM practices focusing on autonomy, compensation, communication, performance appraisal, and career development are associated with trust in public organizations. According to the result, those practices present variation in their leverage on trust in leadership at different levels.     

Linking Belgian employee performance management system characteristics with performance management system effectiveness: exploring the mediating role of fairness

Based on expectancy theory, goal-setting theory and control theory, we propose a model in which perceived fairness mediates the relationship between characteristics of employee performance management (PM) systems and their perceived effectiveness by employees. PM system characteristics we propose are the frequency and length of formal reviews, the frequency of informal reviews and feedback, whether the formal conversation focused on evaluation or development and finally the degree of participation. The model was tested on a cross-industry sample of 3192 employees in Belgium. The measurement and structural models were simultaneously tested using structural equation modeling, and we used a bootstrapping approach to test the mediation hypothesis. Our findings indicate that performance review focus and employee participation strongly relate to perceptions of appraisal fairness and PM system effectiveness and that the frequency of informal performance reviews is stronger related to PM system effectiveness than the frequency of formal performance reviews. This suggests that the manifest expressions of PM have more impact on PM system effectiveness rather than the more latent characteristics of PM systems. The findings advance research to the role and functionality of PM systems by showing that (a) the manner in which PM systems are shaped and executed is of fundamental importance for their effectiveness, (b) fairness partially mediates the relationship between PM system characteristics and their effectiveness and (c) the three motivational theories appear useful for understanding the consequences of PM practices on individual employees.     

事业单位工资改革存在的问题及解决措施

目前,在事业单位、事业单位与公务员、地区之间出现工资待遇不公平现象,影响到了事业单位职员的工作积极性以及和谐社会的建设与社会公正。政府应加快事业单位工资制度的立法,从制度和薪酬体系方面采取配套措施,完善事业单位职员职务等级工资制,制定差异性薪酬体系,完善相关配套制度,消除不公平现象,促进和谐社会建设。     

社会主义分配制度的理论突破与创新:1978-2008

中国特色社会主义收入分配理论是马克思主义分配原理同中国实践与时代特征相结合的产物.改革开放以来.分配制度适时调整,分配理论取得重大突破和创新:从平均主义到部分先富,实现非平衡突破;从"效率优先、兼顾公平"到"初次分配和再分配都要处理好公平与效率的关系",确定新的分配原则;从单一"按劳分配"到"多种方式并存,按劳分配与按生产要素分配相结合",收入分配制度进一步完善.