Reconfiguration of land politics in community resource management areas in Ghana: Insights from the Avu Lagoon CREMA

This study explores the reconfiguration of land politics in a poor rural area of Ghana following the development of a community-based resource management and market-based conservation initiative. In particular we focus on an eco-tourism site that was developed through the Avu Lagoon Community Resource Management Area (CREMA) in Ghana. We adopt a political ecology approach that combines qualitative and quantitative information from multiple sources to explain the nature, drivers and outcomes of this reconfiguration of land politics. In particular we track how different environmental and socioeconomic narratives were mobilized and utilised to justify the establishment of the Avu Lagoon CREMA, and how this gave rise to a series of unmet expectations. The restriction of access to fertile land fit for sugarcane production (a key livelihood activity in the area), combined with the underperformance of the ecotourism project, led to different land contestations, including illicit land transfers and silent repossession through encroachment. We synthesize the main findings through the theory of access and argue that these dynamics follow the reconfiguration of land access, and are reflections of the weak enforcement of CREMA regulations, elite capture of the process, and a lack of proper benefit-sharing mechanisms. From a policy perspective, it is important to give due attention to community participation, payment of compensation, proper benefit-sharing mechanisms and the balance of power between local elites, external organisations and the local communities. Only then would CREMA processes be able to deliver their dual objectives of biodiversity conservation and socioeconomic development.     

九江发展城市生态旅游研究

随着生态旅游外延从自然生态领域拓展到社会生态领域,城市生态旅游应运而生,并在国内外受到广泛关注和得到蓬勃发展.本文在分析生态旅游和城市生态旅游内涵、城市生态旅游国内外研究进展的基础上,从资源和区位两方面对九江市发展城市生态旅游的优势进行了分析,并提出了九江市发展城市生态旅游的产品类型和开发战略.     

我国生态旅游可持续发展探讨

生态旅游已成为当今世界旅游发展的潮流,我国发展生态旅游有着良好的自然条件和深远意义,本文阐述了生态旅游的真正内涵,并结合我们生态旅游的现状,提出了生态旅游的可持续发展的对策,以促进生态旅游达到可持续发展。     

生态旅游的内涵与发展构思--基于浏阳生物医药园区旅游开发的考察

生态旅游在我国正成为一种新型产业,发展前景较好。通过对浏阳生物医药园区的考察,分析了其在浏阳旅游规划中的重要地位,评估了生物医药园区的资源情况、旅游功能及设施现状,提出了其未来规划。     

豫东黄河故道湿地生态旅游开发探析

本文对豫东黄河故道湿地生态旅游资源进行评价,并从资源的开发与保护相结合、优化产品结构、分区分层开发等提出了开发湿地生态旅游资源的对策。     

生态旅游利益相关者安全认知研究

近几年,生态旅游增长较快,己成为当今旅游业发展的热点。生态旅游迅速发展的同时,也出现了许多安全问题,如生态旅游景区游客安全事故时有发生,许多景区的附近居民与景区矛盾不断等。为了更好的促进生态旅游健康发展,选题基于利益相关者理论,选择桂林漓江古东景区作为实证研究区域,从游客、景区从业人员和社区居民三个层面对生态旅游安全认知进行了研究。     

山地可持续旅游开发模式探讨——以川西贡嘎山地区为例

贡嘎山地区是川西中部的一个落后贫困山区。该地区经济发展十分迟缓,但自然生态资源却非常丰富,如何根据山地自身的特点,在保护的前提下,积极发展旅游,实现经济、社会和环境的可持续发展,是一项十分紧迫的任务。从贡嘎山地区山地资源的特殊性着手,阐述该区发展旅游的紧迫性,最后提出＂平面分区、垂直分带与时间延续方向可持续发展＂的＂时空三维立体开发模式＂。     

Normative and innovative sustainable resource management at birding festivals

The sustainable ancillary resource management (SARM) practices of US-based birding festivals are investigated. A questionnaire completed by organisers of 108 of 135 identified festivals (80%) revealed several normative SARM practices such as signage re-use and container recycling, and a large number of innovative practices undertaken by one or more festivals. Cluster analysis yielded roughly equal groups of 'non-innovators', 'normative recyclers', 'innovative energy conservers', 'innovative recyclers' and 'comprehensive innovators'. SARM innovators also tended to be ecotourism innovators, while innovation was also related to attendee numbers but not festival longevity or identification of festival with 'ecotourism'. No clear diffusion effects are evident. Follow-up surveys suggested positive relationships with cost, attendee satisfaction/demand, and sense of responsibility, but not revenue generation. A dedicated organisation and sponsored certification protocols are suggested to facilitate dissemination of innovative SARM practices, which were less prevalent than expected given the nature of such events.     

Community participation mode of ecotourism in Tibetan area of Shangfi-La County, Yunnan Province

Community participation is one of the focuses of the research on ecotourism. The research on community participative model is of great theoretical and practical significance. Based on the former experts＇ studies, this paper analyzes ecotourism demonstration areas in Diqing Shangri-La of Yunnan as a case study. It mainly expounds the relationship between ecotourism and community participation and puts forward such a community participative model of ecotourism in Shangri-La.     

我国生态旅游管理实践中的关键——生态旅游认证

生态旅游是全球新兴的具有强大生命力而且内涵丰富的旅游活动体系,有着严格的标准.作为可持续发展原则的重要实现形式,生态旅游的发展必须建立在完善、规范、标准的基础上.但我国的生态旅游发展存在诸多问题,严重影响生态旅游的可持续发展.建立符合我国国情的认证体系是生态旅游健康发展的关键.目前,中国实施生态旅游认证面临良好的机遇,是切实可行的.