Crowdsourcing and work: individual factors and circumstances influencing employability

The development of a fast and reliable Internet, new technologies online payment systems, and changes in work structure that enable and demand flexible working patterns have driven a move to a new form of Internet‐enabled labour exchange called crowdsourcing. Evidence from an in‐depth qualitative study is presented, focusing on selected users' interactions and experiences of working on two UK‐based crowdsourcing platforms. The paper shows that workers engaged in this form of labour exchange need to deploy existing employability skills and networks to effectively meet the challenges, and take advantage of the opportunities, that crowdsourcing presents. Individual factors and circumstances emerge as paramount for workers' continued engagement in this form of employment. Using selected components from an employability framework, the findings suggest that crowdsourcing can offer new pathways to practising skills and enhancing employability for some workers.     

Do banks really monitor? Evidence from CEO succession decisions

We demonstrate that banks play an important monitoring role in CEO succession that is not observed for other types of lenders, particularly public bondholders. There is a stronger relation between cash flow performance and forced CEO turnover for firms issuing bank debt during the year of CEO turnover than for firms not issuing bank debt, and bank debt issuance increases the likelihood of external CEO succession. The stock price reaction to CEO succession is higher when bank monitoring is prevalent. Our results are consistent with theories of relationship banking that propose a valuable monitoring role for well informed, incentivized bank lenders.     

The transition from products to solutions: External business model fit and dynamics

This article provides empirical evidence and contributes to theory building concerning business model fit and dynamics in the area of solutions business. Business models are seen in this context as going beyond considerations such as offerings and internal processes or even relationships, and as including network and market considerations. Indeed the paper highlights the fact that a business model is not firm-focused, nor dyad-focused, but rather network-, and even market-focused, demonstrating that a business model is not static, but dynamic. Manufacturer and customer continuously shift form and content of their respective business models to adapt both to the needs of the counterpart and to market context. A qualitative case study approach is adopted, with subsequent content analysis. The case study relates to the aerospace industry with focus on a complex engineering firm, one of the largest aircraft manufacturers in the world, its customer — a national airline — and their network partners of various kinds. The data were collected through multiple face-to-face interviews with managers in both companies, as a part and parcel of a network of actors that influences and is influenced by the supplier–buyer relationship. Relationships over time between these firms and network partners are described, highlighting the interplay of products and services related to the provision of solutions. Findings highlight the dynamic nature of business models over the relationship lifecycle between supplier and customer in a complex engineering environment, and the need for reciprocal adjustment of models.     

可雇佣性能力导向下的管理人员开发

管理人员是企业的核心员工,企业管理人员的开发一直是企业人力资源开发及管理工作的重点。不同层级的企业管理人员有不同的可雇佣性能力开发路径。基层管理人员重技术培训,高层管理人员重反思和自省,中层管理人员的开发最为丰富和全面。     

Banks’ external financing costs and the bank lending channel: Results from a SVAR analysis

We analyze the dynamic response of banks’ financing costs to structural, macroeconomic shocks, which we identify by imposing combinations of zero and sign restrictions on impulse responses. For the estimation we combine US bank balance sheet data from the Call reports with macroeconomic aggregates over the period from 1984Q1 to 2007Q3. We find that banks’ financing costs mainly respond to monetary policy and aggregate demand shocks. Furthermore, funding costs of undercapitalized and illiquid banks increase more strongly after a contractionary monetary policy shock as compared to better capitalized and more liquid banks. These results provide support for the view that banks’ financing costs represent an important element of the bank lending channel.     

内外均衡冲突下的人民币汇率政策选择:基于斯旺模型的研究

本文以斯旺模型为理论基础,研究了当前中国经济内外均衡,中突,并对内外均衡冲突下的汇率政策和货币政策之间的冲突进行了深入分析。根据斯旺模型,这两种冲突的解决要求当前实行紧缩国内支出政策和人民币升值政策的配合。因此,汇率政策的选择就变得至关重要。当然要解决当前经济内外均衡冲突,还需要其他政策的配合。     

组织变革条件下雇佣关系的失衡与调适

雇佣关系是企业所有者和劳动者以市场为导向的经济合约模式,与社会制度没有必然联系。面对组织变革,传统的长期雇佣在降低成本、技术进步、战略调整等因素作用下逐步解体。对传统雇佣关系的否定并意味着对长期雇佣的否定,构建好新型雇佣关系对企业和员工都是必要的。     

调控我国内外均衡冲突的政策选择：基于政策搭配理论的研究

本文认为要解决当前我国以通货膨胀和国际收支顺差为特征的内外均衡冲突,在短期内,应该进行人民币升值,并与紧缩性财政政策和紧缩性货币政策进行配合;从长期看,应该进行外汇管理体制的改革,并且完善人民币汇率制度。     

构建中小企业自主创新能力机制的思考

中小企业要获得持续发展的力量源泉,提升企业核心竞争力、获取竞争优势的唯一途径就是自主创新。提高中小企业的自主创新能力,首要是构建中小企业自主创新力的机制。本文从影响中小企业自主创新能力形成的外部环境和中小企业内部运行机制两个方面进行了思考,阐明了中小企业自主创新能力的形成机制。     

产权性质、融资约束与现金调整:兼论货币政策有效性

本文采用现金-现金流敏感度分析,通过2002年至2010年包括国际金融危机前后我国上市公司的样本,实证分析了金融危机外部冲击对不同产权性质企业现金持有及调整策略的影响,我们发现,在国际金融危机前,由于信贷歧视,民营上市公司的现金-现金流敏感度要高于国有上市公司;在国际金融危机的冲击下,由于银行信贷流向更不均衡以及政府财政刺激使得国有上市公司获得了更多的外部现金流,国有上市公司现金持有对公司内部产生的现金流敏感性进一步降低。通过动态调整模型的分析表明,在国际金融危机后,民营上市公司应对现金流动性变动的反应更强,现金持有向均值的调整积极性更高,因此,私人部门的现金策略行为在一定程度上缓解了对宏观经济的不利影响。