The brighter side of being socially responsible: CSR ratings and financial distress among Chinese state and non-state owned firms

We examine the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) quality ratings on the financial distress levels of Chinese enterprises by using the previously unexplored new China-specific Altman ‘Z_China Score’ in the context of CSR and data from 749 firms over the 2009–2014 period. First, we find that CSR quality ratings significantly reduce Chinese firms’ distress levels. Second, we find that the ability of CSR to reduce distress levels in non-state-owned Chinese firms is higher than state-owned ones. Finally, we find similar results when we divide the data into high-low CSR ratings and levels of distress. Our results are robust to potential endogeneities.     

在负信用期允许情况下供应商最优信用期决策

在许多采购活动中,买家被允许经过一段时间后再付货款,而在这段时间内买家并不需要支付任何利息费用．这段时间被称为信用期（credit period）。国内外有许多关于这个问题的研究。然而。如今负信用期逐渐兴起,即供应商先收款后发货,尤其是在网络交易或者供应链中处于强势地位的供应商很多采用了这种方式。文章研究了基于负信用期条件下的供应商最优信用期决策。 首先．假设商品的终端需求对价格是敏感的,即其价格需求弹性小于-1。其次．采用Stackelberg模型来界定买家与供应商的关系,即供应商先制定其策略,买家再根据供应商的策略做出反应进而做出自己的决策。然后通过建立模型分别给出供应商提供正信用期和负信用期时供应商和买家为了使得各自利润最大化的决策制定方法。通过数学算例得出供应商做出的最优信用期决策随着条件变化而变化．并通过灵敏度分析．找出影响供应商做出决策的一些重要因素。     

考虑次固结的吹填土单桩负摩阻力计算研究

本研究主要目的在于提供一种考虑场地吹填土次固结时变效应的吹填土单桩桩侧桩侧负摩阻力计算方法,该方法通过对场地吹填土进行一维场地吹填土次固结试验,获得孔隙比-时间对数(e-lgt)曲线,利用曲线拟合获得场地吹填土次固结系数及相应计算参数,计算任意时刻的场地吹填土次固结时变沉降量,获得桩侧桩侧负摩阻力中性点位置,并进一步计算得到总的桩侧桩侧负摩阻力。该研究成果可为快速成陆的吹填场地基桩工程设计和施工提供参考。     

带最大正负功带式输送机运行工况的分析

文章分析了具有最大正功又具有最大负功发电运行状态带式输送机运行的各种工况,对相关专业有一定的借鉴意义。     

Comparative Research Productivity Measures for Economics Departments

The typical profit-maximization solution for the joint-production problem found in intermediate texts, managerial texts, and other texts concerned with optimal pricing is oversimplified and inconsistent with profit maximization, unless there is either no excess of any of the joint products or no costs associated with dumping. However, it is an inappropriate method of solution where excess does exist and the costs of dumping are explicitly recognized and, with respect to such cases, is at least nongeneral. The authors present a more realistic alternative method of solution, although more complex, as a substitute for the textbook method of solution typically offered.     

消费主义的负价值及抵制策略探析

消费主义滥觞于19世纪资本主义经济危机时期,福特主义扩张和流水线的生产导致资本主义新教伦理的瓦解,并催生现代意义的消费主义。消费主义本质上是一种因欲消费和在虚假需求诱导下异化的生活方式。消费主义对主体更多的表现为一种负价值,它给社会和人带来一定的后果。因此,引导人们树立正确的消费伦理观,用真实需要代替虚假需要,以制度创新限制人们的虚假需要,是抵制消费主义的理想选择。     

How firms respond to being rated

While many rating systems seek to help buyers overcome information asymmetries when making purchasing decisions, we investigate how these ratings also influence the companies being rated. We hypothesize that ratings are particularly likely to spur responses from firms that receive poor ratings, and especially those that face lower‐cost opportunities to improve or that anticipate greater benefits from doing do. We test our hypotheses in the context of corporate environmental ratings that guide investors to select ‘socially responsible,’ and avoid ‘socially irresponsible,’ companies. We examine how several hundred firms responded to corporate environmental ratings issued by a prominent independent social rating agency, and take advantage of an exogenous shock that occurred when the agency expanded the scope of its ratings. Our study is among the first to theorize about the impact of ratings on subsequent performance, and we introduce important contingencies that influence firm response. These theoretical advances inform stakeholder theory, institutional theory, and economic theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新形势下的公允价值会计准则研究——兼论美国修订会计准则的负面影响

从发展的视角阐述公允价值会计准则在金融危机中的运用问题：考察了公允价值会计准则的由来、国际上的运用情况及相关的实证分析结论;对美国修订公允价值会计准则带来的负面影响进行了深入分析;总结了公允价值运用中存在的不足,并提出我国当前情况下运用公允价值需要注意的问题。     

旅游活动对环境的负面冲击综合分析

旅游业并非真正意义上的“无烟工业”,旅游活动对环境的负面冲击表现在方方面面,本文从暴露的地质表面、矿物及化石、土壤、水资源、植物、野生动物、空气品质、环境卫生、景观美学和文化环境八个方面对旅游活动对环境的负面影响进行了综合分析。     

语用迁移对二语习得的影响

语用迁移是二语学习者使用言语行为时的普遍现象,负迁移是导致语用失误的一个因素。文化差异、性 别差异和语言差异等方面影响语用迁移。在英语教学中应克服负迁移的影响,运用语用正迁移培养学生跨文化交际 能力。