Comparative Research Productivity Measures for Economics Departments

The typical profit-maximization solution for the joint-production problem found in intermediate texts, managerial texts, and other texts concerned with optimal pricing is oversimplified and inconsistent with profit maximization, unless there is either no excess of any of the joint products or no costs associated with dumping. However, it is an inappropriate method of solution where excess does exist and the costs of dumping are explicitly recognized and, with respect to such cases, is at least nongeneral. The authors present a more realistic alternative method of solution, although more complex, as a substitute for the textbook method of solution typically offered.     

How should Engel's law be formulated?

Engel's law expresses a “negative stochastic association” of income and the proportion of income that is spent on food. However, there are many quite different notions of “negative stochastic association” and consequently there are different ways of defining Engel's law. We relate these different concepts to Engel's original statistical analysis and show that one must give credit to Engel for the first non-parametric statistical analysis of budget-data.     

Comparative randomized inverse sampling

According to previous literature, we define randomized inverse sampling for comparing two treatments with respect to a binary response as the sampling that stops when a total fixed number of successes, irrespective of the treatments, are observed. We have obtained elsewhere the asymptotic distributions for the counting variables involved and have shown them to be equivalent to the corresponding asymptotic distributions for multinomial sampling. In this paper, we start deriving the same basic results using different techniques, and we then show how they give rise to genuinely novel procedures when translated into finite sample approximations. As the main example, a novel confidence interval for the logarithm of the odds ratio of two success probabilities can be constructed in the case of comparative randomized inverse sampling. Some advantages over the standard multinomial sampling in terms of coverage probabilities are visible when no adjustment for cells with zero counts is applied; otherwise, the two sampling schemes appear to be fairly equivalent. This is a reassurance that under certain circumstances, inverse sampling can be safely chosen over more traditional sampling schemes.     

国家重点生态功能区产业准入负面清单制度配套人口政策研究

基于国家重点生态功能区产业准入负面清单制度,分析其对区域人口的影响以及相应配套的人口政策和改革路径。研究表明,产业准入负面清单实施将改变人口城镇化的经济驱动力、改变劳动力市场并加快人口迁移。配套人口政策的核心应为控制人口总量、促进人口迁移和城镇化、推动人口教育与扶贫。针对负面清单编制各阶段的特点和需求,配套相应的人口政策,综合使用强制性、激励性、指导型、信息型和服务型等多样化的人口政策工具。     

Exposure to workplace bullying and negative gossip behaviors: Buffering roles of personal and contextual resources

This study adds to business ethics research by investigating how employees' exposure to workplace bullying might spur their negative gossip behaviors, as well as how this effect might be buffered by their access to two personal resources (religiosity and innovation propensity) and two contextual resources (work meaningfulness and trust in top management). Survey data collected among Canadian-based employees who work in the religious sector reveal that workplace bullying increases the likelihood that they spread negative rumors about other organizational members, but this effect is weaker when employees (1) can draw from their religious faith, (2) are motivated to generate innovative ideas, (3) derive meaning from their work, and (4) have confidence in the trustworthiness of top management. For management scholars and practitioners, this study thus pinpoints different resources that diminish the risk that workplace bullying infuses work environments with even more negative energy, as might occur if bullying spills over into additional, negative gossip behaviors.     

基于人工免疫的乳品供应链质量安全风险预警研究

针对日益凸显的乳品质量安全问题,建立及时有效的乳品预警机制已经变得至关重要。文中从供应链的角度构建乳品质量安全风险指标体系。结合人工免疫及负选择算法并加以改进,建立基于人工免疫的乳品质量安全风险模型,并对某乳品企业的乳品质量安全风险进行了预警分析。研究结果表明文中建立的乳品质量安全风险预警模型能够定量分析乳品质量安全状态并有效预警,为实施乳品安全供应链监管提供了新思路和方法。     

城市景区大跨负埋深隧道半盖半挖施工应用

本文根据城市景区大跨负埋深隧道施工特点,介绍了处于山高林密间飞地的负埋深露头段隧道,利用已开挖隧道做通道强行出洞、做初期支护保护壳、边盖边挖、二次进洞开挖、预留投料孔施工护拱的绿色环保施工方法,创造性的解决了地处景区、林区露头隧道施工的难题,取得了较好的经济、社会效益,加快了施工进度。     

居民用电对城市节能目标的影响及对策——以上海市为例

居民电能消费量,是城市生活质量的重要标志,随着经济发展和收入增长,城市居民的电能消费呈大幅度增长的势态,占城市能源消耗总量的比率不断提升。然而这种增长趋势却大大抵消了为节能降耗所采取各种措施的效果,不利于城市节能降耗目标的实现。本文定量分析居民用电对城市节能目标的影响程度,并提出减弱和消除其不利影响的可行措施。     

建立负企业所得税制度 促进中小企业自主创新

如何突破为数众多的中小企业自主创新的瓶颈,增强中小企业自主创新的动力和能力,把自主创新的＂国家意志＂转变为中小企业的＂自主行为＂,已成为学术界和政府部门目前所关注的一个重要的研究课题。文章在剖析企业自主创新特点的基础上,阐述了我国目前的中小企业自主创新的特征以及＂负企业所得税＂税式支出的概念和运作机制,进而论证了＂负企业所得税＂税式支出对中小企业自主创新的激励效应。     

农药使用负面影响管理中的政府、市场与组织

中国以国家干预、政府主导为特征的农药管理政策,在维护国家粮食安全、环境影响控制和农产品质量安全方面已经取得了较大进展,但目前政府主导、事前监管为主的农药负面影响管理忽视了市场和组织的力量及其在事中和事后监管中的优势,效率亟待提高。文章构建了一个政府监督、调控衣药负面影响的分析框架,应用这一新的分析框架加强和改善政府对农药负面影响的管理和调控,就需要以政府为主体,创新农药管理体制;同时重视发挥、培育市场和组织的力量。