Drivers of customer decision to visit an environmentally responsible museum: merging the theory of planned behavior and norm activation theory

The main goal of this research was to merge the theory of planned behavior and the norm activation theory into one model and test its applicability in an environmentally responsible museum context. A filed survey was conducted at museums. Structural equation modeling was used to test research hypotheses. Results of the structural model comparisons revealed that the prediction power of our integrated model was superior to that of the theory of planned behavior and the norm activation theory. The proposed relationships among research constructs were generally supported. The mediating role of study variables was established. Additionally, the salient role of personal norm and attitude in generating museum travelers’ pro-environmental intention was identified. Overall, there was a strong support for the proposed theoretical model.     

An Initial Investigation of Integrating Innovation Diffusion Models for Drawing First‐time Visitors

Prior studies in the existing tourism literature have frequently emphasized the relatively expensive costs for drawing first‐time visitors. These studies, however, have largely failed to explain how to draw first‐time visitors to a destination. In other words, little was known regarding what destinations should do to attract first‐time visitors in an effective way. To provide more insights, this research investigated the impact of three diffusion models on attracting first‐time visitors. These models included an external influence model for impact of mass media, an internal influence model for impact of interpersonal communications, and a mixed model for impacts of both mass media and interpersonal communications. Assessing the model impact in a macroapproach for first‐time visitors to Hong Kong, empirical findings indicated that the mixed influence model provided the highest explanatory quality, with word‐of‐mouth being a dominant factor.     

我国国际展会专业观众满意度影响因素分析

基于国外顾客满意度研究理论和模型,结合会展行业特征,构建我国国际展会专业观众满意度影响因素模型.运用结构方程模型(SEM),利用SPSS和AMOS软件,定量分析其主要影响因素.研究表明:组展商营销服务水平对专业观众满意度影响最大,其次是展会现场管理水平和展会硬件设施条件;展会品牌、组展商品牌及接待服务水平影响较小.不过它们均通过影响专业观众的感知价值间接作用于满意度.最后,提出三点启示和建议.     

初游者与重游者差异的系统比较——以海南国际旅游岛为例

初游者与重游者的差异比较对旅游地经营实践具有重要的意义。通过对海南国际旅游岛游客的调查获得基础数据,运用卡方检验和独立样本T检验的方法,细致比较了初游者和重游者在人口学特征、旅游行为特征的差异情况,发现初游者与重游者人口学特征的年龄、职业、婚姻状况、月收入、家庭结构以及旅游行为特征（游前、游中、游后三阶段）的较多方面存在差异。     

The Power of Images: Marketing Tourism in the 1990s

This conference was held at The Roehampton Institute, London on 2–3 September 1992 with its main aim being to bring together those involved in tourism education and those from the industry to discuss the future of tourism marketing. Organised jointly by Tina Bryant (University of Hertfordshire) and John Eade (Roehampton Institute), the event attracted delegates mainly from the academic community, with members of the tourism industry conspicuous by their absence! Ray Youell of Sheffield Hallam University describes the somelime contrasting perspectives evident at the conference.     

What Is the Priority of Research in the Marketing and Promotional Efforts of Convention and Visitors Bureaus in the United States?

Abstract

A convention and visitors bureau (CVB) is the primary tourism marketing organization for cities and counties throughout the United States. A step in the process of planning and managing marketing is research: assessing or analyzing marketing and evaluating marketing efforts. The purpose of this study was to describe the priority of the research managed by CVBs by examining the types of research being conducted, the individuals conducting the research, and their research situation at the bureaus. A survey instrument was designed, tested, and implemented with 153 respondents being used in the analysis. It was found that total budgets averaged approximately $10 million with the research budget ranging from $5,000 to $49,000. The research managed by the respondent is primarily conducted by the CVB, but ten percent or less time is spent on research. Research was seen as important and essential to making the CVB more productive, but the bureaus do not seem to be putting time and money into research and not enough is being completed. The implications of these results have ramifications to many constituencies as studies are inconsistent and standardization is nonexistent. There is opportunity for leadership in creating a wide data base, form, and forum for coordination of tourism research.     

The Theory of Planned Behavior in the Context of a Food and Drink Event: A Case Study

The present case study seeks to contribute to the culinary event management literature, investigating key motivators among participants to the Derbyshire Food and Drink Fair, United Kingdom. A questionnaire, which was partly based on predictors related to the theory of planned behavior was designed and distributed; 308 usable responses were collected. The validity and impact of attitude toward the behavior, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms on behavioral intention was confirmed. Additionally, several motivators, such as “commitment and perceived importance,” “consumption and entertainment,” “attendance and discovery,” and “joining others” were identified as key factors. Finally, statistically significant differences were noticed among various participating groups, namely, in terms of age, gender, or distance traveled to the event. The findings have important implications for event managers and organizers, in terms of promotion, and addressing the needs and wants of various segments of food festival attendees.     

Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Image of Vietnam's Ha Long Bay

Although considerable work has been done on destination image as a whole, far less research has investigated the differences in destination image assessments for domestic versus international visitors in developing countries. This study offers findings that illustrate the differences in perception of destination image, satisfaction attributes, and intention among domestic and international visitors to Ha Long Bay, a United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization World Heritage Site in Vietnam. The results of a survey on 650 tourists suggest that international visitors to the Ha Long Bay region have higher standards and are more critical in their evaluation of services than domestic visitors when judging this destination. Destination image is a common factor determining the level of satisfaction of both groups. Basic and augmented services were found to influence international visitors’ future intention toward the destination. This finding implies that the destination managers of Ha Long Bay need to improve current standard of augmented services to yield higher visitors’ propensity to recommend and return to the destination.     

The impact of age and family life experiences on Mexican visitor shopping expenditures

Mexican Nationals frequently visit border towns and other cities in the United States that are in close proximity to their areas of residence for the main purpose of shopping at popular malls and outlet centers. However, it is somewhat difficult to gather the necessary information in order to profile the visitors and develop marketing strategies for targeting the appropriate market segments. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key target markets for U.S. shopping malls based on the age and family life experiences (i.e., marriage and having children) of the Mexican visitors. First, a three-factor ANOVA analysis is used to examine the impact of these characteristics on shopping expenditures, including the interaction effects. Then, a cluster analysis is performed in order to segment the market using age and the family life experience variables. Finally, recommendations are provided based on the expenditures and trip behavior by family life cycle stage.     

The role of voluntary internal control reporting in earnings quality: Evidence from China

Using discretionary accruals to proxy for earnings quality, this study investigates whether and how the first voluntary internal control reporting in 2007 is associated with earnings quality in China. We find that earnings quality is higher in 2007, yet not in 2006, for public companies issuing a first-time voluntary unqualified internal control report, compared with listed firms not issuing an internal control report. Our findings are consistent with a signalling of performance explanation and inconsistent with a signalling of effectiveness explanation. We also find that earnings quality is lower for public companies issuing an internal control report mentioning a weakness, compared with public companies not issuing an internal control report. Overall, our study suggests that public companies conduct diligent self-assessments when issuing a first-time voluntary unqualified internal control report. Consequently, there is an improvement in earnings quality.