Maintaining competitiveness of aviation hub: Empirical evidence of visitors to China via Hong Kong by air transport

Prior studies have not extensively researched and explored the key determinants (aviation and tourism attributes) that could affect Hong Kong’s competitiveness as a transit hub for international visitors using Hong Kong as a stopover to Chinese cities when travelling by air. This study adds to that knowledge to empirically investigate Hong Kong’s eight major tourist source markets (Germany, India, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, the UK, and the US), and also provides an insight to policy-makers in Hong Kong to help them understand the factors that influence Hong Kong’s aviation hub competitiveness and tourism development. The findings of the study suggest that increased air transport capacity from foreign countries and Hong Kong to China, trade volumes between China and its trading partners, air transport costs, and the global financial crisis are the key factors affecting the number of visitors to China by air passing through Hong Kong as their preferred stopover. The policy implications of the findings are discussed.     

世界遗产旅游地游客消费的负外部性及其管理对策

文章从游客消费的经济学分析入手,分析在遗产旅游中游客行为给遗产地带来的影响,并分别从遗产地自身特点、政府与市场行为和游客等三个方面探讨遗产旅游地人口压力过大和游客"行为污染"的原因,进而提出对游客的管理对策。     

基于游憩动机的游客游憩利用影响感知差异——以张家界国家森林公园为例

以张家界国家森林公园为例,研究了具有不同游憩动机的游客对游憩利用影响的感知差异。主要研究结论为:⑴尽管管理性影响是游客感知强度最高的一类游憩影响,但是不同游憩动机的游客在管理性影响的感知上无显著差异;⑵不同游憩动机的游客在社会性影响感知上无显著差异;⑶回归自然者对资源影响的感知显著高于其他游客。     

International and domestic tourists’ “a priori” and “in situ” image differences and the impact of direct destination experience on destination image: the case of Linz,Austria

A profound understanding of destination image and its determinants is of significance for destinations aiming to effectively position themselves in the tourism market. However, existing research on destination image formation has mainly focused on the “a priori” and “a posteriori” stages and paid only limited attention to the “in situ” stage. To fill in this gap, this study examines the effect direct destination experience and visitors’ nationality (domestic vs. international) have on both “pre-travel” and “in situ” cognitive and affective elements of image. The study was conducted using 400 international and domestic visitors to Linz, Austria. The findings indicate that there are significant differences in the way domestic and international tourists perceive Linz as a tourist destination both prior and during the actual experience. The study also provides empirical evidence that direct destination experience plays a major role in destination image formation, irrespective of individual’s nationality. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are also discussed.     

Indigenous tourism in Australia: understanding the link between cultural heritage and intention to participate using the means-end chain theory

ABSTRACT

Tourism is often suggested as a development strategy for Indigenous people while protecting their cultural and natural heritage. However, without actual visitor participation, the good intentions of tourism cannot be achieved. By using the means-end chain theory and adopting a convergent mixed-methods approach using photographs, this study seeks to identify the link between visitor perceptions about Australian Indigenous tourism attributes and their intention to participate on this type of tourism. Two Australian Indigenous tourism activities (short tour and performance), portraying both traditional and contemporary culture, at Cairns, Queensland were tested with 209 visitors. The results reveal that the attributes ‘history/art/culture’ and ‘local’ are perceptions linked to Indigenous tourism. The findings support previous studies by identifying that some participants associated Indigenous tourism with a traditional past; however, the majority of participants expressed a contemporary perception of Indigenous culture. These findings highlight the need for Indigenous tourism stakeholders to monitor and protect their historical and evolving cultural heritage (in particular intangible heritage) when engaging in Indigenous tourism. Cultural heritage could be susceptible to commodification and loss of authenticity in order to accommodate visitor expectations.     

Exploring the incidence and antecedents of buying an FMCG brand and UPC for the first time

Two studies provide estimates of the upper range of incidence of first-time (brand and UPC) purchases, claimed reasons for these new purchases, and consumer profiles of first-time brand buyers. Study 1 analyzes three years of transaction data from 10,000 loyalty card members; Study 2 reports on 510 mall-intercept interviews in two different stores. Despite the vast range of items available in modern supermarkets, new brand purchasing is not particularly common: new brands constitute about 5% of items in a basket and are purchased on about 1/3 of shopping trips. The majority of these new-to-consumer purchases have been prompted by in-store stimuli (noticing new brands, price promotions and stock-outs). Interestingly, demographic characteristics between first-time and existing buyers did not differ. Providing further evidence to the habitual nature of grocery shopping, the results indicate limited opportunities to expand/change consumer repertoires suggesting the need for ongoing marketing activities for FMCGs.     

Visitors' and locals' experiences of Rotorua,New Zealand: an interpretative study using photographs of landscapes and Q method

This paper reports on an interpretative study of locals' and visitors' experiences in Rotorua, New Zealand and shows how experiences vary among different groups. Photographs were Q sorted by a non‐random sample of locals and both overseas and New Zealand visitors, and the data were factor analysed to identify four factors or types of experience. These include experiences of Sublime Nature, Iconic Tourism, New Zealand Family and the Picturesque Landscape. These findings show that Q sort with photographs is a useful research approach which advances our understanding of destination image and provides results that have implications for the contemporary theoretical debate on the nature of tourist experience in New Zealand. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Local Versus Visitor Perceptions of Farmers’ Markets

There has been an increasing focus on the local food movement and farmers’ markets that supply this food. Most studies have focused on profiling the consumer or motivations for purchasing local food; however, few have focused on the differences in those who frequent such tourism offerings. The purpose of this research study, therefore, was to examine differences between visitors and residents regarding motivations and preferences for buying local and organic food at farmers’ markets. There has been an increasing focus on the local food market due to food security awareness, consumer responsibility, and food trends such as the 100-mile diet and preference of local and organic. Using 322 completed surveys, responses were analyzed to examine significant differences. The results show a difference in motivations of visitors and locals in regard to their frequenting of farmers markets, as well as the frequency of their use. Increasingly within tourism there has been a focus on the local or authentic tourism experience; therefore, understanding the differences in visitor preferences may help both destinations and the markets themselves to cater to different preferences among their clientele.     

乡村旅游目的地供应链优化研究——基于游客价值创新视角

当今旅游业发展已进入游客驱动时代,随着游客需求层次不断提高,游客需求内涵不断丰富,不同旅游目的地间的竞争已由传统的旅游企业间竞争逐渐演变为以游客需求为中心的旅游目的地供应链间的竞争。通过对游客价值创新与乡村旅游目的地供应链优化关系分析,表明乡村旅游目的地供应链优化是有效满足游客价值创新需求的根本途径。游客价值创新导向的乡村旅游目的地供应链优化策略,主要包括乡村旅游目的地商业服务供应链改进策略和公共服务供应链改进策略。     

试探博物馆观众美感心理（一）

博物馆的一些展陈设计中已开始注意到观众的心理活动及其规律,用情节吸引观众,激发兴趣,保持注意,接受陈列要表达的价值观。博物馆在研究观众心理时应当注意研究其审美心理,应当从美感的普遍性与特殊性中探索规律,从而提高博物馆展览设计中观众心理的针对性和美感效果。从观众审美心理特征,审美心理中的情感作用,利用观众审美探究心理,展览的形式设计与内容设计中的观众心理,利用从众心理等几个方面对博物馆观众审美心理规律进行探索。