Business under adverse home country institutions: The case of international sanctions against Myanmar

We expand the institutional perspective of international business by exploring the range of institutions outside the host country that influence international business. We use a critical case, Myanmar, to explore the dynamics of institutional constraints and the reaction of business to such constraints. Our in-depth case analysis focuses on four industries for the period 1996–2011. On this basis, we develop the concept of ‘low profile strategy’ and propose a conceptual framework of home country pressures influencing multinational enterprises’ international operation, and the variation of their impact across industries and firms. This framework provides a foundation for future work on the extra-territorial effects of institutions in international business.     

贵州城乡家电消费对比分析及对策

通过对贵州城乡家电消费中的部份家电产品作为研究对象,对贵州城乡家电消费差距的原因从城乡居民收入差距、消费重点与消费倾向等方面进行了较为全面的分析,提出缩小贵州城乡家电消费差距的对策建议。     

日本实施《家电再生利用法》解析

在战后日本经济高速增长时期,电视、冰箱和洗衣机被称为"三大件",并开始向普通日本家庭普及。此后,随着日本经济的发展及国民生活水平的提高,更多种类的家电产品被生产和销售。时至今日,包括"三大件"及空调等在内的家电产品已经成为普通家庭的生活必需品。与此同时,废旧家电数量也逐年上升,为了促进废旧家电中有用资源的再利用,减少废弃物的排放,构建循环型经济社会,1998年6月日本制定了《家电再生利用法》,自2001年4月开始实施。对日本实施《家电再生利用法》的成效进行分析,可以对中国发展循环经济、构建环境友好型社会提供有益借鉴。     

Does unemployment insurance crowd out home production?

In this paper, we study the interaction between self insurance and public insurance. In particular, we provide evidence on a negative correlation between unemployment insurance benefits and home production using the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) and the state-level unemployment insurance data of the U.S. The empirical results suggest that moving to a two times more generous state would decrease time spent on home production about 22% for the unemployed. Then, we pursue a quantitative assessment of this empirical finding using a dynamic competitive equilibrium model in which households do home production as well as market production. The model is able to generate the empirical facts regarding the unemployment benefits and home production. The fact that unemployment insurance benefits crowd out home production is interpreted as a substitution between the two insurance mechanisms against loss of earnings during unemployment spells.     

Ubiquitous inequality: The home market effect in a multicountry space

We show that spatial inequalities in an economic space of multiple countries in terms of both nominal income and real income are ubiquitous in the sense that they appear when countries are differentiated by population only. A new trade theory model is constructed without any freely traded homogeneous good, so that we can examine the home market effect (HME) and the non-monotonic relation between income inequalities and globalization. Meanwhile, there are three HME definitions for a two-country space in terms of firm share, labor wage, and trade pattern. The first two remain applicable in a multicountry space, and they are shown to be equivalent. However, a natural extension of the third is not equivalent.     

Posted rates and mortgage lending activity

In many metropolitan areas (MSAs) newspapers post mortgage terms for lenders in a manner designed to permit an easy comparison of discount points and note rates. Using these advertised rates for 73 lenders in three MSAs we examine 1) how applicants respond to short-run changes in relative rates, and 2) the relationship between the services provided and quality of applications received by lenders and their long-term market positions. We find that applicant flows increase when lenders lower their rates. We also find that persistent cross-lender differences in rates are associated with differences in product quality reflected in processing times, loan sales, and FHA/VA lending; and that high-risk borrowers tend to apply to lenders posting above-average rates.     

从返乡到创业——互联网接入对农民工决策影响的实证分析

基于全国农村固定跟踪观察点2009-2013年的数据，文章实证检验了互联网接入与返乡农民工创业之间的关系，并从社会资本和人力资本两条路径探讨了互联网接入对返乡农民工创业的作用机制。研究发现：返乡农民工的创业意愿很低，返乡农民工中平均只有2.30%选择创业。互联网接入会显著促进返乡农民工创业，具体而言，互联网的接入概率每增加1个百分点，返乡农民工的创业概率提升0.036%。相对于东部地区的返乡农民工而言，互联网接入会显著促进西部的返乡农民工进行创业，而对中部和东北地区的返乡农民工则不存在显著的影响。机制分析结果显示，返乡农民工会通过互联网感知新的知识技能，提升人力资本而促进创业。文章主要结论在使用工具变量的稳健性分析中没有变化。因此，鼓励已返乡农民工创业，特别是强化技能培训以更好地发挥互联网对返乡农民工创业的促进作用，对成功实施乡村振兴战略至关重要。     

闽侯棋磐寨森林人家游客忠诚影响因素研究

顾客忠诚对于消费者的重复购买具有决定性的作用。棋磐寨森林人家是福建省"十佳森林人家"之一,调查问卷有效样本的探索性因子分析识别出游客忠诚独立由1个维度组成。多元线性回归分析结果揭示:游客感知吸引力的3个维度均对忠诚度不具有显著直接影响,但其中的乡村特色和景观与设施2个维度可以通过满意度对忠诚度产生间接显著影响;游憩体验的2个维度和满意度的2个维度均对忠诚度具有直接显著影响。研究结果显示,游客对景区的满意度和景观与设施的评价均处于较低水平。根据研究结果提出推动多元发展,提供深度体验;完善旅游设施,提高服务质量;加强文化创意,巩固游客忠诚等建议。     

旅游业的要素禀赋、产业集聚与本地市场效应:中国的经验证据

文章梳理旅游产业组织演化规律,分析旅游业中要素禀赋、产业集聚与本地市场效应的相互关系,基于新贸易理论的基本假设,利用旅游和经济社会发展数据,验证中国旅游本地市场效应的存在性。研究发现:中国旅游全行业和旅行社行业不存在明显的本地市场效应;旅游景区在不同模型中均存在本地市场效应;旅游饭店及其他行业只有在考虑要素禀赋的模型中显示存在本地市场效应。研究表明,在旅游市场化的背景下,中国部分旅游行业已受到规模报酬递增影响,出现旅游产业集群化趋势,要素禀赋的比较优势和本地市场效应的规模经济同时存在于旅游景区、旅游饭店及其他行业,本地市场效益将逐渐代替要素禀赋成为中国旅游业持续增长的新动力。     

关于建设阳朔乡村旅游网的探索

面对乡村自助旅游者游客对旅游信息的迫切需求，发展阳朔乡村旅游电子商务网站是最好的解决方案。在详细调查基础上，提出了以建立阳朔乡村旅馆数据库、乡村餐馆数据库和乡村旅游自助线路资料库为后台，各种旅游服务为前台的阳朔乡村旅游网的建设方案。