Rule of law, democracy, openness, and income

We estimate the interrelationships among economic institutions, political institutions, openness, and income levels, using identification through heteroskedasticity (IH). We split our cross‐national dataset into two sub‐samples: (i) colonies versus non‐colonies; and (ii) continents aligned on an East–West versus those aligned on a North–South axis. We exploit the difference in the structural variances in these two sub‐samples to gain identification. We find that democracy and the rule of law are both good for economic performance, but the latter has a much stronger impact on incomes. Openness (trade/GDP) has a negative impact on income levels and democracy, but a positive effect on rule of law. Higher income produces greater openness and better institutions, but these effects are not very strong. Rule of law and democracy tend to be mutually reinforcing.     

Identification of consumers’ preferences when their choices are unobservable

Summary. We provide conditions under which the heterogenous, deterministic preferences of consumers in a pure exchange economy can be identified from the equilibrium manifold of the economy. We extend those conditions to consider exchange economies, with two commodities, where consumers preferences are random. For the latter, we provide conditions under which consumers heterogenous random preferences can be identified from the joint distribution of equilibrium prices and endowments. The results can be applied to infer consumers preferences when their demands are unobservable.Received: 8 May 2003, Revised: 14 September 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D12, D51.I am very grateful to an anonymous referee, Donald Brown, and Daniel McFadden for their detailed comments and insightful suggestions. Section 2 of this paper is joint work with Donald J. Brown; it is included here for publication with his permission. Those results were presented at the 1990 Workshop on Mathematical Economics at the University of Bonn, the 1992 SITE Workshop on Empirical Implications of General Equilibrium Models at Stanford University, and, more recently, at the June 2000 Conference in Honor of Rolf Mantel, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The comments of the participants at those conferences and workshops are much appreciated. The research presented in this paper was supported by NSF Grants SES-8900291, SBR-9410182, and SES-0241858. This paper is dedicated to Marcel K. Richter, who has inspired much of my research.     

论老字号的认定和分类标准（下）

老字号是长寿的企业和企业名称品牌,是体现中国文化特质的企业形态。以北京西城老字号为研究对象,在认真总结近年来各级政府相关政策制定及实施情况的基础上,科学确定老字号的分级认定条件和分级标准体系,对于确立和提升老字号的社会地位,更好地发挥老字号在提供行业示范、优化产业结构、完善地区形象、充实城市精神、推动中华民族优秀文化传承方面的作用,扩大老字号的社会影响,以及探索新的研究思路和方法,都具有十分重要的意义。     

创业者网络管理能力与创业机会识别及开发——一个有调节的中介模型

随着我国经济新常态迈向新阶段，社会网络对科技型初创企业创业者的作用愈加重要。由此，提出一个创业者网络管理能力（ENMC）模型，该模型涉及创业者在规划、构建和维持社会网络中的角色，通过创业网络质量的中介作用进一步与创业机会识别、开发相关。借鉴关系生成、公司网络管理以及社会能力理论，构建创业者网络管理能力三维结构模型：网络规划能力（NPC）、网络构建能力（NSC）以及网络维持能力（NMC）。最后，实证检验环境动态性正向调节创业网络质量在创业者网络管理能力对创业机会识别与开发关系的中介作用，发现相比弱环境动态性，强环境动态性条件下，创业者网络管理能力通过创业网络质量对创业机会识别与开发的影响更大。     

集装箱运输车辆的电子车牌应用研究

射频识别技术是一种先进的自动验证技术,文章首先介绍了射频识别技术的发展、理论和应用,然后分析了射频技术的特性,描述了在公路运输企业中使用自动化系统来验证电子车牌的方法和重要性。     

射频识别技术在工业领域的应用

文中介绍了RFID技术在信息管理领域中的优势,然后从身份识别、门禁管理、产品防伪、汽车防盗等方面列举了RFID在信息管理领域的典型应用。     

基于银行卡个人支付手段与支付模式的研究

本文通过分析基于银行卡个人支付手段的交易流程,指出基于POS、ATM传统机具的支付模式存在较大的金融信用风险,并存在资源稀缺性的缺陷;而基于移动终端或电话终端的支付模式比基于POS、ATM的支付更具有可普及性,且金融风险得到了降低;随着生物识别技术的发展,基于生物识别的支付模式可能是未来的一个发展方向。生物识别具有唯一性,在这种模式下,金融风险会得到最大限度的降低。     

创业团队簇协同复杂性及关键界面识别

为满足复杂情景下多团队创业过程中界面协同涌现性分析及管理需求,围绕创业型团队的创业创新交互特征,从群体、环境、机会和能力4个维度梳理了实现创业团队簇协同的界面结构。解读动态创新环境下多主体共同创业衍生的协同有效性非线性涌现属性及内涵,从共生共赢、动态适应、系统全局3个层面提出创业团队簇界面协同有效性涌现机理。在此基础上,改进常规DEMATEL方法,构建能够满足复杂情景下多重决策导向判定需求的关键影响界面识别方法,并面向某一混合所有制创新型企业开展案例应用分析。案例应用结果表明,该理论框架和分析方法有效、可行,对复杂合作情景下多主体协同效应涌现属性解析评价具有一定借鉴意义。     

浅析RFID在我国物流领域的应用

RFID即无线射频识别已成为现代物流的热点技术，其对物流管理向信息化发展的作用十分显著。本文简要介绍了RFID的原理，阐述了物流仓储管理中应用RFID的主要作用，重点对RFID的应用现状进行研究。分析了目前我国物流领域应用RFID存在的问题，并提出对策。     

A mixed index approach to identifying hedonic price models

Recent literature suggests identifying house price hedonic regressions by using instrumental variables, spatial statistics, the borders approach, panel data, and other techniques. We present an empirical application of a mixed index model, first proposed by Bowden [Bowden, R.J., 1992. Competitive selection and market data: the mixed-index problem. The Review of Economic Studies 59(3):625–633.] to identify hedonic price regressions. We compare the performance of the mixed index model to a traditional hedonic model and to a hedonic model that includes characteristics of the buyer of each house. We find the mixed index model outperforms the other models based on bootstrap distributions of predicted housing values, prediction variance, and predicted policy effects. The mixed index model distributions are less skewed and kurtotic than the other models, suggesting it more closely satisfies the classical linear regression assumption of normally distributed errors. Compared to the mixed index model, the traditional hedonic overstates the importance of lot size and school quality to house price and understates the importance of environmental quality.