Public advisory services - theory and practice

Public advisory service to SMEs is a multibillion pound activity throughout the industrialized world. Yet very little research has been done on the theoretical basis for this field. This paper proposes some elements in a theoretical understanding of the rationale behind public measures. The authors argue that public intervention should be considered at two levels, as a public market intervention and as a consultant-client relation at the micro level. At the market intervention level, public advisory service is seen in the perspective of economic theory, comparing neo-classical and neo-Austrian theory. Two different kinds of services are identified and discussed: operational and strategic. At a micro level, the concepts of client identity and clientifying power relations serve to understand the small business manager's way of responding to services. In combining both levels - the market perspective and the micro level - it is argued that the neo-classical theory is connected to operational/expert services and objectifying power technologies. The neo-Austrian theory corresponds with the empirical findings at the micro level showing strategic services embedded in a subjectifying power technology. With the neo-Austrian perspective the rather symmetrical relations between client and consultant at the micro level is comprehensible.     

中美消费者消费行为比较研究:以肯德基(KFC)为例

通过对中美两国大学生(n=795)的调查,测量和比较了两国年轻消费者对肯德基(KFC)的消费行为、品牌印象和重购意愿。相对美国被访者而言,中国被访者更愿意呆在肯德基餐厅里就餐,时间也更长;中国被访者对肯德基的正面印象更多;美国被访者对肯德基未来光顾的可能和满意之间的相关度高于中国被访者。     

Unveiling the role of identity accountability in shaping charity outcome measurement practices

Internationally, charities are grappling with the challenges of measuring their service outcomes for accountability purposes. This study employs recent developments in institutional theory to examine the role of identity accountability in shaping these outcome measurement practices. Semi-structured interviews with staff and managers in two New Zealand charities are drawn on to understand their perceptions and experiences of outcome measurement. The findings reveal that charity actors engage in institutional work aimed at discharging both identity accountability and upward accountability via their outcome measurement practices. However, they face challenges in achieving and balancing these two forms of accountability. Policy-practice and means-ends decoupling result, creating the potential for mission drift and other unintended consequences of outcome measurement practices.     

“多团队成员身份”对创新型团队凝聚力的影响

团队认同和团队凝聚力是驱动创新型团队高绩效产出的重要因素,现实中经常存成员同时参加多个团队的情况。因此,“多团队成员身份”作为一种兼具普遍性与复杂性的工作状态,成为团队管理研究的新视角。通过对402名具有“多团队成员身份”的科研人员的调查及访谈,使用AMOS路径分析法和Bootstrap法对4个研究假设予以验证,得出以下结论：同时参加多个团队带来的信息共享优势和经验交流优势是被调查对象的共同感知;对团队氛围和负责人的认同在团队认同中具有重要影响;任务凝聚力是影响团队凝聚力的重要因素;“多团队成员身份”对团队认同及团队凝聚力具有较强的正向影响;团队认同在“多团队成员身份”和“团队凝聚力”之间具有显著的中介作用。最后从团队创新氛围和共享氛围营造、增强对负责人的认同感、提升任务凝聚力、加强沟通合作与经验交流等4个方面,提出了“多团队成员身份”背景下提升团队凝聚力的对策。     

印象管理动机对员工创新行为的影响机制

以往对于员工创新行为的研究大多基于组织行为学个体激励视角,从内部动机和外部动机展开。从社会心理学印象管理动机出发,将其分为获得型和防御型,分别探究其对创新行为的不同作用机制。结果发现：①获得型印象管理动机对创新行为具有促进作用,防御型印象管理动机对创新行为具有阻碍作用;②获得型/防御型印象管理动机对创新行为的促进/阻碍作用通过角色认同的中介机制形成;③领导积极/消极反馈增强了获得型/防御型印象管理动机对角色认同的促进/阻碍作用。研究成果不仅从社会心理学视角探索了影响员工创新行为的新路径,丰富与拓展了中国情境下个体创新行为理论体系,同时还拓展了印象管理动机在组织管理领域的应用,诠释了已有研究存在的分歧。     

美国“身份盗窃”立法、评析与启示

＂身份盗窃＂成为美国最为严重的犯罪之一,引起了严重的社会经济问题。＂社会安全号码＂的滥用、新技术带来的危险、商业部门转嫁的损失和政府的碌碌无为是导致＂身份盗窃＂的四大主要原因。尽管美国出台多部法律以规范＂身份盗窃＂问题,但是这些法律存在不少的缺陷与不足。＂身份盗窃＂在我国发展很快,危害性越演越烈,尤其在金融领域中表现突出。为此,我国应当在参考美国经验的基础上,加强对＂身份盗窃＂的规范力度,健全金融法律体系,促进金融立法改革。     

Expressive behavior in economics and politics

Expressive behavior is the self-interested quest for utility through acts and declarations that confirm a person's identity. Expressive voting is an example of expressive behavior. I introduce expressive behavior in the forms of expressive rhetoric and expressive generosity. The questions for society and for public policy are whether expressive behavior affects others, and if so whether beneficially or disadvantageously. In experiments, expressive behavior often benefits others. There are adverse social consequences when, in real-life decisions, expressive behavior results in unwanted public policies of expressive-policy traps. I consider the prospects for avoiding or exiting expressive-policy traps.     

Role-bound actors in corporate combinations: a sociopolitical perspective on post-merger change processes

Real-life experiences of corporate mergers often tell of disappointment in terms of the synergistic benefits that fail to appear, or the severe organisational problems that arise. Although many studies have provided empirical material on internal divisions among actors coming from the previously separate organisations, we still know little about the sociopolitical forces at work in the upper echelons of corporate hierarchies. It is suggested in this paper that an examination of the emergent role identities in the upper echelons of a new corporate hierarchy can help us to understand the nature of these sociopolitical forces. The empirical analysis concentrates on a revealing merger case where Finnish Ovako and Swedish SKF Steel first joined forces, but where their organisational marriage broke down five years later. This analysis illustrates how behaviour consistent with the enacted role identities can create contradictory sociopolitical forces, and how this can lead to increasing tension and severe open conflict. The analysis suggests that a favourable turn in the business cycle is a condition that can easily hide such divisions with dramatic consequences later on.     

农业碳排放时序测算及其影响因素分析——以湖北省公安县为例

"农业碳排放"最早在20世纪早期就已提出,近年随着农业的发展,农业生产活动导致的碳排放量有增无减,农业碳排放问题受到社会各界高度关注。从县域视角出发,以湖北省江汉平原荆州市公安县为例,基于农业投入与生产过程中的6个主要方面的碳源,测算了近年公安县农业碳排放量,运用Kaya恒等式变形公式对农业碳排放影响因素进行分解分析。结果表明:公安县近年农业碳排放总量呈现增长趋势,农业碳排放总量及农业碳排放强度年均增长率分别为2.08%,1.59%。经济因素是影响碳排放的主要因素,效率因素,结构因素和劳动力因素均表现为抑制碳排放的增长。     

Giving up the hats? Entrepreneurs' role transitions and venture growth

At the start of a venture, most entrepreneurs wear many hats. However, entrepreneurs often cannot remain involved in every aspect of the venture process, and so they face important decisions about which roles to give up, which roles to retain, and which new roles to adopt. For many, this process is particularly difficult as roles represent more than just something entrepreneurs do but also an important part of who they are (role identities). Through an inductive field study, this research reveals how and why entrepreneurs add, subtract, or retain roles. We find three mechanisms—perceiving the entrepreneur as someone who ‘gives up the hats,’ discovering new meaning (new role identities) within the venture, and role identity imprinting—lead to a narrowing of one's role set, which ultimately influences venture growth.